第1个回答 2013-10-17
P.c:这是我在网页上搜的，你看看吧。The Attributive Clause (定语从句)
I.在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。定语从句需由关系代词或关系副词引导。
II.引导定语从句的关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that
关系副词：when, where, why
III. 关系代词和关系副词的作用：
（1）：桥梁作用：把先行词和定语从句联系起来。
（2）：代替先行词在定语从句中充当句子成分。
*关系代词在定语从句中可以做主语、宾语、定语。
*关系副词在定语从句中可以做状语。
IV.关系代词和关系副词的用法：
1. who指人，在定语从句中做主语。
The boy who is playing football is my son.
I do not like the students who often watch TV.
2. whom指人，在定语从句中做宾语。
The woman whom you met at the gate is my wife.
Pan Changjiang is an actor whom many girls love crazily.
3. whose指人或物，在定语从句中做定语
The boy whose mother is a doctor often falls ill.
Peter enjoys reading books whose covers are yellow.
4. which指物，在定语从句中做主语、宾语。
A plane is a machine which can fly in the sky.
A flying cock is a cock which is flying now.
Here is the letter which your boyfriend wrote.
5. that 多指人，有时也指物，在定语从句中做主语、宾语。
Examples of No. 1, 2, 4 & 5 can all be replaced by THAT clauses.
In the following conditions, we must be careful with the use of “that”.
Which, whom 在定语从句中做介词宾语， 这样的介词可以放在whom, which 之前， 也可以放在从句的原来的位置上。但是当介词被放在定语从句之前时， 则只能用whom, which. 不能用that.
Tom is the man from whom I learnt the news.
This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived.
Here is the question about which we have had so much discussion.
6. that 和 whom/that 的区别：在下列情况下必须用that:
(1). 先行词为all, little, much, everything, nothing, something, anything；everyone, no one, someone, anyone; everybody, nobody, somebody, anybody时。
Anyone that listen to him is a fool.
Is there anything that I can do for you?
Everything that we saw was of great interest to us.
(2). 先行词被all, every, very, no, some, any, little, much, only修饰时。
Mi Mi has enjoys all the songs that are sung by Chen Long.
You are the very girl that I have been looking for.
Rose is the only flower that I really like.
(3). 先行词被序数词修饰时。
The first thing that you should do is to study hard.
The last place that we visited was a farm.
(4). 先行词被adj最高级修饰时。
This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen.
(5).当有两个或两个以上的先行词后（既有人又有物）。
He talked about the teachers and schools that they had visited.
当先行词被the same, such修饰时, 关系代词往往用as。
Such people as you describe are welcome.
This is the same coat as he bought yesterday.
7. when指时间，在定语从句作时间状语。
= in/at/on which
October 1st, 1949 was the day when the People’s Republic of china was founded.
Ge You and Zhao Benshan were born on a day when it thundered and rained.
I’ll never forget the day when I graduated from Beijing Normal University.
8. where指地点，在定语从句作地点状语。
=in/at/on which
The college where I’ll study is very good.
This is the house where Li Lisha was born.
9. why指原因，在定语从句作原因状语。
= for which
The reason why I send flowers to you everyday is a secret.
That is the reason why I did it.
比较：
The poor village that/which we visited 10 years ago has taken on a new look.
The days that/which we spent together made me happy.
V. 限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。
**限定性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分，如果没有定语从句， 先行词的意思就不明确， 主句也不完整，从句和主句一般不用逗号隔开。
** 非限定性定语从句是主句先行词的补充说明，没有定语从句并不影响主句意思的明确或完整。这种定语从句一般用逗号与主句分开。在非限定性定语从句中通常不用关系代词“that”.
Last week Tom went to the beach, where he met Li Li 5 years ago.
Yesterday I bought a T-shirt, which only cost me 18 yuan.
第2个回答 2013-10-17
定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个成分，定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。状语从句分为时间状语从句，结果状语从句，让步状语从句，原因状语从句，条件状语从句以及行为方式状语从句。名词从句包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句及there be句型。
一、 限定性定语从句
1. that即可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置
2. which作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which之间的介词不能丢
3. 代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括all, anything, much等，这时的that常被省略
4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语
5. where是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句
6. when引导定语从句表示时间
〔注〕值得一提的是，表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导
By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks.
I still remember the first time I met her.
Each time he goes to besiness trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc.
7. whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格
8. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时，常用there is来引导
二、非限定性定语从句：非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常和主句间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立
1. which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分
2. 在引导限定性定语从句时，that有时相当于in which, at which, for which或at which
Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. 人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变，这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处。
I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it. 我出于某种原因喜欢这种音乐，而他恰恰与我相反。
We arrived the day that(on which) they left. 刚好我们到的那天他们走了。
3. 有时as也可用作关系代词
4. 在非限定性定语从句中，不能用that，而用who, whom代表人，用which代表事物
三、定语从句结构错误
1. 缺关系词
2. 从句中缺成分
摘自《简明英语语法》
在英文中，有两种定语从句：限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句。这两种定语从句在其功能和形式方面都有明显的区别：
限定性定语从句限定性定语从句与主句的关系很紧奏，对其先行词起限定、修饰的作用。如果将其去掉，会影响句子意思的完整性；有时甚至于引起费解、误解。例如：
Rainforests are being cleared for valuable timber and other resources to speed up the economic growth of the nationsin which they are located .
为了加速他们各自所在国家的经济发展，热带雨林作为有价值的原木和其他资源正为人们所砍伐。
Ocean currents affect the climates of the lands near which they flow.
洋流影响其流经的附近地区的气候。
They explained the reason to us why they had hated us before.
他们向我们解释为什么他们不喜欢我们的原因。
非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句在形式上就与主句很松散，它与主句之间有一个逗点"，"隔开；它对其先行词没有限定、修饰的作用，只起补充、说明的作用。有时也用它来对全句进行补充、说明。即使将其去掉，也不会影响句子意思。由于上述原因，非限定性定语从句在表达意思方面也有别于限定性定语从句。另外，非限定性定语从句在中文译文里，我们往往将其作为一个分句处理，而不把它作定语翻译。 例如：Earlier , the Babylonians had attempted to map the world , but they presented it in the form of a flattened disc rather than a sphere , which was the form adopted by Ptolemy .
（此句中，非限定性定语从句是对先行词a sphere进行补充、说明。）
更早之前，巴比伦人曾试图绘制世界地图，但是他们把它绘制成平盘状而不是托勒密所采用的球体状。
The combination of satellites, which transmit information , computers , which store information , and television , which displays information , will change every home into an education and entertainment center .
（此句中，三个非限定性定语从句分别对三个先行词：satellites ，computers和television进行补充、说明。如果去掉这三个非限定性定语从句，那么句子可简化为：
The combination of satellites , computers and television will change every home into an education and entertainment center .）卫星能传输信息，计算机能储存信息，电视能显示信息，把这些手段结合起来可以使每个家庭都成为教育娱乐的中心。
The sun heats the earth , which makes it possible for plants to grow .（此句中，非限定性定语从句是对全句进行补充、说明,将全句表达的意思看成"一件事情）。太阳给予大地热，这就使植物的生长成为可能。
The old man has a son , who is in the army .（此句中，非限定性定语从句是对先行词son进行补充、说明。但本句所传达的信息是："这位老人只有一个儿子" 。如果将此句改写成限定性定语从句：
The old man has a son who is in the army . 那位老人有一个在部队工作的儿子。那么，限定性定语从句就要对先行词son进行限定、修饰。这样一来，句子所传达的信息就变成了："这位老人有一个儿子在部队工作，还有其他的儿子在干别的工作"。）那位老人有一个儿子，他在部队工作。 .