第1个回答 2012-05-16
众鸟高飞尽, 孤云独去闲。
相看两不厌, 只有敬亭山。
敬亭山在宣州(治所在今安徽宣城),宣州是六朝以来江南名郡,大诗人如谢灵运、谢朓等曾在这里做过太守。李白一生凡七游宣城,这首五绝作于天宝十二载(753)秋游宣州时,距他被迫于天宝三载离开长安已有整整十年时间了。长期飘泊生活,使李白饱尝了人间辛酸滋味,看透了世态炎凉,从而加深了对现实的不满,增添了孤寂之感。此诗写独坐敬亭山……参考资料:百度一下
《独坐敬亭山》作于天宝十二年(753)秋游宣州时,距他被迫于天宝三年离开长安已有整整十年时间了。长期飘泊生活,使李白饱尝了人间辛酸滋味,看透了世态炎凉,从而加深了对现实的不满,增添了孤寂之感。此诗写独坐敬亭山时的情趣,正是诗人带着怀才不遇,尝尽世态炎凉而产生的孤独与寂寞的感情,到大自然怀抱中寻求安慰的生活写照。
天宝元年(公元742年),42岁的李白正在浙江著名风景区“江阴道”上游览,忽得到一个消息——唐玄宗李隆基要召见他。对于朝见皇帝以博取赏识这件事,李白如久旱望甘霖般地盼了十几年,现在终于如愿,那份高兴劲就不用提了。他想,平生的宏伟志愿,这回总算可以实现了,他准备到朝庭去大展一番治国平天下的经纶!
初到长安,一切都使李白受到鼓舞。唐玄宗对他也十分优待。第一次见面时,皇帝和李白同座在一张“七宝御床”上,请李白吃“御食”,且“御手调羹”。在封建时代,这是最高待遇,甚至连一些多年重臣都没享受过。此后玄宗又多次请李白进宫,让他即席作诗。李白每次都不假思索,龙飞凤舞,一挥而就,写出来的诗篇气魄宏伟,瑰丽多姿。玄宗十分叹服,不久就让他当个了翰林供奉,专门在宫廷里作诗作文。这个职务没有什么实权,论地位却是不低的。
京城长安,可是经济政治文化中心,那里住着许多文学人士。李白在这些人当中也遇到过一些志同道合、意气相投的人。比如我们以后将要接触的另一诗人贺知章。
但是,李白春风得意的生活只是暂时的、表面的。首先是唐玄宗并没有真把他当作“谢东山”之类的栋梁之才。在皇帝心目中,李白只是一个为他生活添趣助兴的文人墨客。他只是在玩乐场合需要一些新鲜词章时,才想到李白。至于国家大政问题,李白压根沾不到边。说穿了,皇帝只是把李白当一名帮闲文人来对待。这种情况,李白自己很快也有所感觉,这当然令他深感失望。
再有,当时朝廷里的情况已相当糟,权贵们为谋取私利,勾心斗角,弄权作奸。现在来了个行止高洁、性格狂放的李白,大家当然看不顺眼。纷纷到玄宗那讲李白坏话。其中讲得最多的是高力士和杨贵妃。高力士虽只是个太监,可他善溜须拍马,又深得玄宗信任,他就作威作福起来。许多官员为了升迁、甚至保官,都要去拍他马屁。生性耿直的李白当然看不惯高力士了,一次当着皇帝的面,李白借着酒劲,硬要高力士为其脱鞋子。高力士那受过如此“待遇”,可皇帝在旁,他又不敢拒绝,只好百般不愿地为李白脱了。可从此高力士对李白怀恨在心,想伺机报复。一次,皇帝让李白作诗赞美爱妃杨贵妃。李白写了三首《清平调词》。杨贵妃开始对这三词很是满意,而高力士却说李白表面是夸杨贵妃美丽,其实是在诅咒杨贵妃,说在词中李白把杨贵妃比作被汉成帝废黜的赵飞燕了。于是杨贵妃也开始恨起李白来,经常在皇帝面前说李白坏话,皇帝也就慢慢对李白冷漠了。在这种情况下,李白也很知趣,知道朝廷不是他所呆地方,于是主动向皇帝提出离去。玄宗也不挽留,送了些钱,说了几句鼓励的话,让他走了。
李白第一次从政,经过短短的三年,就这样结束了,从此开始了第二次漫游。这次漫游时间也很长,达十多年,走的地方也很广。不过有一点与上次不同的是他的交友情况。他原来的一些朋友,看到他从朝廷被变相地赶了出来,马上对就对他换了一副面孔。有时候他去敲那人的前门,不但不开,反而连后门都关上了。对于这些势利小人,李白看清了他们的丑恶面貌,很是愤慨。 jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj