第1个回答 2012-05-16
众鸟高飞尽， 孤云独去闲。
相看两不厌， 只有敬亭山。
敬亭山在宣州（治所在今安徽宣城），宣州是六朝以来江南名郡，大诗人如谢灵运、谢朓等曾在这里做过太守。李白一生凡七游宣城，这首五绝作于天宝十二载（753）秋游宣州时，距他被迫于天宝三载离开长安已有整整十年时间了。长期飘泊生活，使李白饱尝了人间辛酸滋味，看透了世态炎凉，从而加深了对现实的不满，增添了孤寂之感。此诗写独坐敬亭山……参考资料：百度一下
《独坐敬亭山》作于天宝十二年（753）秋游宣州时，距他被迫于天宝三年离开长安已有整整十年时间了。长期飘泊生活，使李白饱尝了人间辛酸滋味，看透了世态炎凉，从而加深了对现实的不满，增添了孤寂之感。此诗写独坐敬亭山时的情趣，正是诗人带着怀才不遇，尝尽世态炎凉而产生的孤独与寂寞的感情，到大自然怀抱中寻求安慰的生活写照。
天宝元年（公元742年），42岁的李白正在浙江著名风景区“江阴道”上游览，忽得到一个消息——唐玄宗李隆基要召见他。对于朝见皇帝以博取赏识这件事，李白如久旱望甘霖般地盼了十几年，现在终于如愿，那份高兴劲就不用提了。他想，平生的宏伟志愿，这回总算可以实现了，他准备到朝庭去大展一番治国平天下的经纶！
初到长安，一切都使李白受到鼓舞。唐玄宗对他也十分优待。第一次见面时，皇帝和李白同座在一张“七宝御床”上，请李白吃“御食”，且“御手调羹”。在封建时代，这是最高待遇，甚至连一些多年重臣都没享受过。此后玄宗又多次请李白进宫，让他即席作诗。李白每次都不假思索，龙飞凤舞，一挥而就，写出来的诗篇气魄宏伟，瑰丽多姿。玄宗十分叹服，不久就让他当个了翰林供奉，专门在宫廷里作诗作文。这个职务没有什么实权，论地位却是不低的。
京城长安，可是经济政治文化中心，那里住着许多文学人士。李白在这些人当中也遇到过一些志同道合、意气相投的人。比如我们以后将要接触的另一诗人贺知章。
但是，李白春风得意的生活只是暂时的、表面的。首先是唐玄宗并没有真把他当作“谢东山”之类的栋梁之才。在皇帝心目中，李白只是一个为他生活添趣助兴的文人墨客。他只是在玩乐场合需要一些新鲜词章时，才想到李白。至于国家大政问题，李白压根沾不到边。说穿了，皇帝只是把李白当一名帮闲文人来对待。这种情况，李白自己很快也有所感觉，这当然令他深感失望。
再有，当时朝廷里的情况已相当糟，权贵们为谋取私利，勾心斗角，弄权作奸。现在来了个行止高洁、性格狂放的李白，大家当然看不顺眼。纷纷到玄宗那讲李白坏话。其中讲得最多的是高力士和杨贵妃。高力士虽只是个太监，可他善溜须拍马，又深得玄宗信任，他就作威作福起来。许多官员为了升迁、甚至保官，都要去拍他马屁。生性耿直的李白当然看不惯高力士了，一次当着皇帝的面，李白借着酒劲，硬要高力士为其脱鞋子。高力士那受过如此“待遇”，可皇帝在旁，他又不敢拒绝，只好百般不愿地为李白脱了。可从此高力士对李白怀恨在心，想伺机报复。一次，皇帝让李白作诗赞美爱妃杨贵妃。李白写了三首《清平调词》。杨贵妃开始对这三词很是满意，而高力士却说李白表面是夸杨贵妃美丽，其实是在诅咒杨贵妃，说在词中李白把杨贵妃比作被汉成帝废黜的赵飞燕了。于是杨贵妃也开始恨起李白来，经常在皇帝面前说李白坏话，皇帝也就慢慢对李白冷漠了。在这种情况下，李白也很知趣，知道朝廷不是他所呆地方，于是主动向皇帝提出离去。玄宗也不挽留，送了些钱，说了几句鼓励的话，让他走了。
李白第一次从政，经过短短的三年，就这样结束了，从此开始了第二次漫游。这次漫游时间也很长，达十多年，走的地方也很广。不过有一点与上次不同的是他的交友情况。他原来的一些朋友，看到他从朝廷被变相地赶了出来，马上对就对他换了一副面孔。有时候他去敲那人的前门，不但不开，反而连后门都关上了。对于这些势利小人，李白看清了他们的丑恶面貌，很是愤慨。 jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj