初识宾语从句
宾语从句位居四大名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句）之首，是学习英语不可遗漏的语法项目。本篇将着重介绍有关宾语从句的概念，以及由that引导的宾语从句的特点等。
问一：什么叫宾语从句？
答：顾名思义，能够充当宾语的句子即宾语从句。如：
She says（that）she will leave a message on his desk．
Do you know where we can stay on the island？
问二：宾语从句除主要作及物动词的宾语外，还可以充当以下几类词的宾语：
1�作形容词的宾语。此类形容词主要有 sure，afraid，glad，sorry，happy，surprised， pleased等。如：
I'm glad that you have come．你来了，我很高兴。
2�作介词的宾语。如：
She agreed with what I said at the meeting ．她同意我在会上的发言。
3�作不定式的宾语。如：
The boy liked to find out how things worked．这孩子喜欢搞清楚各种事物是怎么回事。
4�作动词－ing形式的宾语。如：
Knowing that I studied well，my parents were very pleased．我父母知道我学习好很高兴。
问三：课本上讲“宾语从句常由that引导，that在口语中常省略。”情况是不是总是如此呢？
答：在由that引导的宾语从句中，由于连词that只起引导功能，无具体意义，不担当任何成分，因此在口语或非正式的文体中常可省略。然而，大凡规则总有例外的情况，在下列由that引导的宾语从句中，that则不宜省略：
1）主从句之间有插入语时，that不宜省略。如：
It says here，on this card，that it was used in plays．卡片上写着，它是古代演戏用的。
2）从句的主语是that时，that不宜省略。如：
He says that that is a real king's hat．他说那是一个真的王冠。
3）若that从句中含有主从复合句时，则 that不宜省略。如：
I'm afraid that if you've lost it，you must pay for it．
4）若出现两个或两个以上的that宾语从句，且由并列连词连接时，只有第一个连词 that可以省去，其余须保留。如：
She said（that）she would come and that she would also bring her son．
她说她要来，还要带她的儿子来。
问四：怎样理解Today we think it important that we should learn a foreign language well．
这句话的结构？其中it起什么作用？
答：该句为一复合宾语结构，其中it为形式宾语，代替后置的真正宾语that从句，important是宾语补足语。在英语中，动词think，make，find，hear等接复合宾语（宾语＋宾语补足语）时，为了平衡句子结构或避免句子结构的混乱，常用it作形式宾语，而将真实的宾语从句后置，从而形成“动词（如think，make等）＋it＋宾语补足语＋that从句”结构。再如：
I made it clear that I would have no time to do that tomorrow．
我已讲明了明天我没有时间做那件事。
问五：这里有一道同义句转换题，不知该怎么做？
He hopes that he will be back very soon．
He hopes ____ ____ ____ very soon．
答：这是一道涉及宾语从句简化的问题。
1�当主句谓语动词是hope，agree， choose，wish，decide等，其后带（that）宾语从句，若主从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如：
He decided that he would visit our school．→ He decided to visit our school．
2．主句的谓语动词为see，watch，hear， find等时，宾语从句常简化为“宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。其中宾语由that从句的主语转化而来，宾补多为不带to的不定式或V－ing分词。如：
I heard that some children sang some songs．→I heard some children sing some songs．因此，所提问题的答案应是：to be back。
巩固练习：
A）同义句转换，每空一词。
1．Tom 's father saw that he was sitting on som e eg g s．
Tom 's father saw ____ ____ on some eggs．
2．He ag reed that he could help m e with m y Eng lish．
He agreed____ ____ me with my English．
3．She didn't know the other people's ideas because she didn't come to the meeting．
She didn't know what ____ ____ at the meeting ．
B）根据汉语完成各句。
1.恐怕我不能回答这个问题。
I'm afraid ____ ．
2．我们觉得他不帮助她是不对的。
We think ____ wrong ____ ．
Key:
初识宾语从句
A）1．him sitting 2．to help 3．was ／were said
B）1．（that）I can't answer this question
2．it；that he didn't help her
如何区分宾语从句？
They know the teacher.
主语 谓语 宾语
They know the teacher is a man .
主语 谓语 宾语从句
▲句子做宾语就是宾语从句。
宾语从句在复合句中做主句的宾语．
1.时态一致:1)当主句是一般现在时,从句可根据需要,采用任何一种时态.
例如:He says that he will be free tomorrow.
I know that man lived here five years ago.
2)当主句是过去时,从句也应该采用过去的某种时态形式与之相对应.
例如: He thought the train was like a big moving party.
He said he was going to take care of the child.
He said he had never seen the film. ( 在这句中，从句为过去完成时)
但当从句所陈述的是客观事实或普遍真理,从句时态用一般现在时.
例如: The teacher said the earth goes around the sun.
2.引导词: 1)当宾语从句由陈述句 充当时,由that引导,在口语或非正式文体
中可以省略.
例如:I believe ( that ) you are right.
He said ( that ) the fastest way to travel was by plane.
2)当宾语从句由一般疑问句 充当时,由if或whether引导,
例如: Is his name John? / Could you tell me?
Could you tell me if /whether his name is John?
3)当宾语从句由特殊疑问句 充当时,特殊疑问词就是引导词,
例如:Do you know what time the plane leaves?
3.语序: 1)当宾语从句由陈述句 充当时,保持原来的语序, 即陈述句语序.
例如:He said (that )the fastest way to travel was by plane .
2)当宾语从句由疑问句(包括一般疑问句和特殊疑问句)充当时,除引导词外,
此后变为陈述句语序.例如:
即If / whether +主语+ 谓语部分 或疑问词＋主语＋谓语部分
I don’t know if/whether he could answer the question.
Please tell me who(whom) I will meet tomorrow.
习题部分
1.Could you tell me ________?
A if he would come tomorrow
B will he come tomorrow
C whether he will come tomorrow
D If he comes tomorrow
2.Could you tell me ___________________?
A Where is the part ? B Who’s on duty ?
C Whose book is this ? D What are they doing ?
3. I want to know ___________.
A. which house does your sister live
B. which houses does his uncle live in
C. which house his uncle lives
D. which house his uncle lives in
4. Father told us that they _____ on a field trip.
A. will go B. are going
C. have gone D. were going
5. I want to know ________.
A. who is he waiting
B. who is he waiting for
C. who he is waiting
D. who he is waiting for
6. Can you tell me ________?
A. where have you gone
B. where you have gone
C. where have you been
D. where you have been
参考资料：http://dysz.dyedu.cn/jiaoshizhuye/shuhehua/wyzl/yfdd/%B3%F5%CA%B6%B1%F6%D3%EF%B4%D3%BE%E4.doc