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英语简单句、并列句、复合句解析
2013-04-07 18:02阅读：7,627
英语简单句、并列句、复合句解析
简单句、并列句和复合句
考点一 简单句
1. 简单句只包含一个主谓结构.
2. 五种简单句:
1) 主+谓. He comes at last.
2) 主+系+表. She is a teacher.
The soup tastes nice.
3) 主+谓+宾. They reached the village.
4) 主+谓+间宾+直宾.He gave me a pen.
5) 主+谓+宾+宾补.I find that book very useful.
考点二 并列句
并列句：两个或两个以上的简单句，用连词连接起来。
常用的连接词有：
1. 表示顺承关系的：and, not only…but also（不仅….而且….）等。
She ______ gave us a lot of advice, _______helped us to overcome difficulties.
Linda tried to become an excellentteacher, _____ at last she succeeded.
2. 表示选择关系和否定条件的有or（还是，否则）
Do you want to leave now ____ would yourather set off later?
Wear your coat, ____ you’ll catch a cold.
3. 表示转折关系的有but, yet等。
He is young, but he works hard.虽然他年轻，但工作努力。
4. 表示因果关系的有for, so 等。
My leg hurts so I go to see a doctor. 我的腿疼，因此我去看医生。
考点三 主从复合句：宾语从句
1. 宾语从句的引导词
（1）引导 陈述句用 that(在口语和非正式文体中常常省略)
He tells me (that ) he is going shopping thisSunday.
(2) 引导一般疑问句用if或whether.
She asked me if\ whether she could join us.(whether…or not)
(3) 引导特殊疑问句，要用原来的特殊疑问词。
She asked them what they were doing.
2. 宾语从句的语序 ：要用陈述句语序。
I want to know when the train left.
3. 宾语从句的时态
（1）主句是一般现在时，一般将来时或祈使句，宾语从句可根据实际需要选用各种时态。
He tells us that he has been able to lookafter himself.
(2) 主句是过去时态，宾语从句应使用过去时的相应时态。
They said that they had already finished thework.
(3) 如果宾语从句叙述的是客观事实、真理、自然现象等，不管主句用什么时态，从句都用一般现在时。
He said that light travels faster than sound.
3. 练习
1）Sheasked me, “Will you go to the cinema tomorrow?” (改为含宾语从句的复合句)
She asked me______ I ______ go to the cinema the next day.
2) Howlovely the dog is! Can you tell me _____?
A. where did you get it B.where will you get it C. where you got it
3) --- Can you tell me _____ your parents at home?
--- I often wash clothes and sweepthe floor.
A. how will you help B. how you help C. how will you help D. how do you help
4) When I was young, my grandfather told me that the sun ______ (rise) inthe east.
考点四 状语从句
一、状语从句在复合句中作状语，修饰主句中的动词、形容词、副词等。
1.地点状语从句
地点状语从句通常由 where 引导。
Put allthe things _____they were.
A. whereB. when C. whose D. which
2.时间状语从句(主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时)
时间状语从句的引导词有when, before, after, until, assoon as, since, while, as 等
She wascooking when someone knock at the door.
What willyou do after you finished your homework?
3.条件状语从句
在条件状语从句中，常用的引导词有if, unless等。
If itdosen’t rain, I” ll go fishing.
They willhave a picnic unless it rains next Sunday.
4.原因状语从句
原因状语从句常用的引导词有because, as, since（既然）等
He didn’tcome because he was ill.
Since weare students, we should study hard.
*Because 和so 不能在一个句子中同时使用。
5. 结果状语从句
结果状语从句主要由so…that…, such…that…引导。
It’s sohot that we want to go swimming.
That’ssuch an interesting story that everybody likes it.
*So… that…与简单句之间的句型转换
1） that后的句子是否定句，常用too…to进行转换。
He is soyoung that he can’t go to school.à he is too young to go to school.
2) that后的句子是肯定句。常用enough to 进行转换。
The shirtwas so cheap that he bought it. à the shirt was cheap enough forhim to buy.
6.目的状语从句
目的状语从句常用的引导词有so that, in order that 等àin order to 简单句
Pleasesay it in a loud voice so that everyone can hear it.
He worksharder in order that he can go to a good college.
7. 让步状语从句
引导词有though, although, even if, even though(尽管)等。
He oftenhelps others though\ although he is not rich.
They willstand by you even if you don’t succeed.
*Though, although与but 不能同时出现在一个句子中
8.比较状语从句
比较状语从句由than, as…as…, not as\so… as等引导。(比较级)
He ismore outgoing than I.
He ran asfast as Mike.
二、练习
1. It’squite common in Britain to say “thankyou”tothe drivers _____ people getoff the bus.
a.after b. since c. until d. when
2. Theart club is for members only. You can’t go in ____you are a member.
a.unless b. because c. if d. though
3. Nowmany parents send their children to foreign countries, _____ they want them toget a better education.
a.until b. though c. because
4. ----What would some students like to do after finishing their education?
---- They would like to start towork_______ they needn’t depend on their parents completely.
a. assoon as b. so that c. before d. while
考点五 定语从句
修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词（关系代词和关系副词）。
1.关系代词的基本用法
作主语
作宾语
作定语
指人
who\that
who\whom\that\省略
whose
指物
which\that
which\that\省略
whose
The man __________spokeat the meeting is from Hong Kong. (指人作主语)
Thebuilding ___________is being built will be used as a hospital.(指物作主语)
I visiteda scientist _______ name is known all over the world. （指人作定语）
2. 关系代词特殊用法
(1）当关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。
He is oneof the boys who ______ (like) playing football.
He is theonly one of the boys who________ (like) playing football.
(2) 通常以下四种情况关系代词只能用that而不能用which.
1) 先行词为all, much, something, everything, nothing,little, none, the one 等不定代词时
2）先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。
3）当先行词被the only, the very, the just等修饰时。
4）先行词中既有人又有物时。
3. 关系副词的基本用法。
1） when 在句中作状语，表示时间。
2) where 在句中作状语，表示地点。.
3) why 在句中作状语，表示原因。
Heremembers the day _______ he joined the League.
This isthe reason_______ he is late today.
This isthe place _______ Lu Xun was born.
练习
一、用括号内所给的动词的适当形式填空。
1. Mrs.Wang said that she ______(buy) a new car the next day.
2. OurEnglish teacher told us that Christmas ________(be) on December 25.
3. I’lltell you as soon as Kate ______(come) here.
4. Couldyou tell me when your father ______(go) to New York? When he ______(go) there,we’llsee him off.
5. Homewith Kids is one of the TV sitcoms that _______(make) us laugh again and again.
二、单项选择
1. Couldyou please keep the windows______? It’s so hot in the room.
a. open b. opens c. opened d. opening
2. Workhard, _____ you’ll fall behind your classmates.
a. and b. but c. or d. so
3. Benasked me ______ I had read the news in today’s newspaper.
a. that b. if c. what d. when
4. ----Can you tell me _____?
---- Of course. He comes from Japan.
a. where does he come from b. where is he from
c. where he comes from d. where he wants to go
5. Cathylikes comedies, _____ they’re very funny.
a. if b. so c. because d. until
6. Hisbrother has been to Stone Forest twice_____ he came to Yunnan.
a. after b. before c. since d. for
7. Theypiled the snow in one place ______ the children could make a snowman.
a. so that b. when c. because d. until
8. ----Iwon’t go to the party tomorrow.
----_____ you told me you would. What’shappening?
a. But b. So c. And d. Or
9. Mr.Brown knows little Japanese, ______ he can’t understand the instructions on thebottle of the pills.
a. so b. or c. but d. for
10. Youwill be late ____ you hurry up.
a. after b. when c. unless d. if
11. Somepeople like to play mahjong, ____ others don’t.
a. when b. while c. as d. since
12. ____he is young, ____ he knows several languages.
a. Though, but b. Because, so c. Though, \ d. Because,\
13. Thisis the most interesting book____ I’ve read before.
a. that b. which c. who d. a&b
14. Thisis the room in ____Chairman Mao lived.
a. that b. which c.who d. whom
15.August 1. 1927 was the day ____ the PLA was founded.
a. that b. which c. where d. when
16. I like the place ____ I canhave a good time.
a. that b. which c. whered. when
三、写出下列句子的同义词，每空一词。
1. The foreigners want to know howthey can learn Chinese kung fu well.
Theforeigners want to know ______ ______ learn Chinese kung fu well.
2. When does the train leave? I want toknow.
I want to know ________the train _________
3. “Do you want to try somethingnew?” Tom’s mother asked him.
Tom’ mother asked him_____________ _______ to try something new.
4. You must be quick. If not, you’llmiss the early bus.
________ quick , ______ you willmiss the early bus.
5. Jim’s mother let him watch TVafter he finished his homework.
Jim’s mother________ let him watchTV_______ he finished his homework.
6. You shouldn’t tell him your address, Ithink.
I ________ think you ______ tell him youraddress.
7. He ran so fast that we couldn’t catch upwith him.
He ran ____ fast ______ _____________ catch up with.
8. This shirt was so cheap that becould buy it.
This shirt was _____ _______ ________ _______________ buy.
9. He worked hard so that he couldmake more money.
He worked hard______ _______ ______ make moremoney.
10. Because it snowed heavily, thetraffic had to stop.
The traffic had to stop ______ _______ the_______ snow.