have与have been有什么区别

Question

如题所述

Answer 1

have一般认为是现在完成时的标志.一般来说有两种用法:
1、过去的动作对现在有影响,用现在完成时,如:
He
has
gone
home,because
he
promised
that
he
would
visit
his
mom.
因为答应过要探望母亲,他现在回家了.
2、过去的动作延续到现在,其实就是从属于第1点,一般和since、for连用,如:
He
has
lived
here
since
2010.
自从2010年他已经在这住下了.
He
has
lived
here
for
5
years/since
5
years
ago.
他在这已经住下有5年了.
而have
been也有两层意思:
1、have
been可以认为是现在完成进行时的标志.结构have
been
doing.
一般来说现在完成进行时有两种用法.一表示过去的动作延续到现在,并有可能延续下去:
He
has
been
working
out
all
day.他整天在锻炼.(暗示有可能继续锻炼.)
二是现在完成进行时有时富有情感色彩.这是现在完成时所没有的功能:
He
has
been
always
talking
with
his
girlfriend.
他总在跟女友唠叨.(有情感色彩)
He
has
always
talked
with
his
girlfriend.
他总跟女友聊天.(没有感情色彩)
还有,have和have
been可以认为是现在完成时的主动形式和被动形式,如:
He
has
gone
to
work.
他已去上班了.(主动)
He
has
been
arrested.他被逮捕了.(被动)