谁能把高中的语法解释一下？

Question

特别是那些丛句，什么定语，什么状语的

还有其他的。我要高考了，一窍不通……

记住，要速成的。不要给我讲理论！什么主谓宾的，看不懂，有自己的话最好，或者是什么诀窍最好。

我把所有的分都压上去了，如果能顺利高考，我以后赚的分也全给你！谢谢了，大家救我！
回答让我有收获的，一定都给分。要比较通俗的！帮我啊！

快到期了啊！

Answer 1

要学好一些东西不是几分钟的事情

只是希望能对你有些帮助：

定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。
关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。
关系副词有：when, where, why等。

初学者在使用时往往容易犯一些错误，最常见的有如下七种：
�
一、在定语从句中加了多余的定语。如：

1．误：Some of the boys I invited them didn't come．
正：Some of the boys I invited didn't come．
译：我邀请的男孩中有几个没有来。
析：应删去them，因为从句的宾语是省略了的whom， who或that。
�
2．误：The book that you need it is in the library．
正：The book that you need is in the library．
译：你需要的书在图书馆里。
析：应删去it，因为从句的宾语是关系代词that。
�
二、把定语从句谓语动词的单、复数弄错。如：
�
1．误：Anyone who break the law will be punished．
正：Anyone who breaks the law will be punished．
译：任何违犯法律的人将被处罚。
析：应改break为breaks，因为who指anyone，是单数。
�
2．误：Those who has finished may go home．
正：Those who have finished may go home．
译：做完了的人现在可以回家。
析：应改has为have，因为who指those，是复数。
�
3．误：He is the only one of the teachers who know French in our school．
正：He is the only one of the teachers who knows French in our school．
译：他是我们学校中唯一懂法语的人。
析：应改know为knows，因为one前有the only之类限定词，定语从句在意义上修饰的是the only one，是单数，而不是复数名词the teachers。
�
4．误：This is one of the rooms that is free now．
正：This is one of the rooms that are free now．
译：这是目前空着的房间之一。
析：应改is为are，因为one前没有the only之类的限定词，定语从句在意义上修饰的是名词复数the rooms，而不是单数one。
�
三、误省略了定语从句中作主语的关系代词。如：

1．误：Children eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth．
正：Children who／？that eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth．
译：吃糖多的孩子往往牙齿不好。
析：应加上关系代词who或that，因为从句少主语，且主语不能省略。
�
2．误：The key opens the bike is missing．
正：The key that／which opens the bike is missing．
译：开这辆自行车的钥匙不见了。
析：应加上关系代词that或which，因为从句少主语，且主语不能省略。
�
四、定语从句中加了多余的关系副词或介词。如：

1．误：The house where he lives in needs repairing．
正：The house where he lives needs repairing．
或：The house he lives in needs repairing．
译：他住的房子需要修理。
析：应保留where，删去从句中的in，因为关系副词where在从句中作地点状语，in属多余。或删去关系副词where，因为where在这里的意思是in which，否则介词in就重复了。
�
2．误：I still remember the day on when I first came to Beijing．
正：I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing．
或：I still remember the day on which I first came to Beijing．
译：我仍记得我第一次来到北京那天的情景。
析：应删去on，因为when在这里的意思是on which，否则介词on就重复了，或把when改为which。
�
五、在作先行词的时间名词或地点名词后错用了关系代词或关系副词。

1．误：I still remember the day when we spent together．
正：I still remember the day that／which we spent together．
译：我仍记得我们在一起度过的日子。
析：应改when为that或which，因为从句中谓语动词spent是及物动词，其后应跟宾语而不是时间状语。
�
2．误：This is the house where we lived in last year．
正：This is the house which／that we lived in last year．
译：这是我们去年住过的那个房子。
析：应改where为which或that，因为从句谓语动词lived后有介词in，其后少介词宾语，而不是地点状语。
�
六、在先行词reason后错用关系副词why。如：

1．误：Have you asked her for the reason why may explain her absence？
正：Have you asked her for the reason that／which may explain her absence？
译：你是否向他问过可以解释他缺席的原因？
析：应改why为that或which，因为定语从句缺少主语，而不是少原因状语。
�
2．误：I don't believe the reason why he has given for his being late．
正：I don't believe the reason that／which he has given for his being late．
译：我不相信他所提供的他迟到的原因。
析：应改why为that或which，因为从句谓语动词has given后缺少宾语，而不是少原因状语 。
�
七、误将强调句型当定语从句。如：

1．误：It was in the kitchen where the fire broke out．
正：It was in the kitchen that the fire broke out．
译：大火发生在厨房。
析：应将where改that，因为原句还原为The fire broke out in the kitchen后，在语法和句意上均成立，故此题是强调句型，而非定语从句。
�
2．误：Was it because it snowed last night when you didn't come？
正：Was it because it snowed last night that you didn't come？
译：你是否因昨晚下雪而没有来？
析：应将when改为that，因为，原句还原为Because it snowed last night， you didn't come后，在语法和句意上均成立，故此题是强调句型而非定语从句。

状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语。一般可分为九大类，分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式。尽管种类较多，但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似，所以理解和掌握它并不难。状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词和特殊的连接词即考点。现分别列举如下:

1． 时间状语从句

常用引导词：when, as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, since , till, until

特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner … than, hardly …when, scarcely … when

I didn’t realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.
While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.
The children ran away from the orchard(果园) the moment they saw the guard.
No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.
Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.

2． 地点状语从句

常用引导词：where

特殊引导词：wherever, anywhere, everywhere

Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.
Wherever you go, you should work hard.

3． 原因状语从句

常用引导词：because, since, as, since

特殊引导词：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that, considering that, inasmuch as, insomuch as

My friends dislike me because I’m handsome and successful.
Now that everybody has come, let’s begin our conference.
The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.
Considering that he is no more than 12 years old, his height of 1.80 m is quite remarkable.

4． 目的状语从句

常用引导词：so that, in order that

特殊引导词：lest, in case, for fear that，in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that

The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.
The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly.

5． 结果状语从句

常用引导词：so … that, so… that, such … that,

特殊引导词：such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that,

He got up so early that he caught the first bus.
It’s such a good chance that we must not miss it.
To such an degree was he excited that he couldn’t sleep last night.

6． 条件状语从句

常用引导词：if, unless,

特殊引导词：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, suppose that, in case that, on condition that

We’ll start our project if the president agrees.
You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.
Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.

7． 让步状语从句

常用引导词：though, although, even if, even though

特殊引导词： as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)，while ( 一般用在句首 )，no matter …， in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever

Much as I respect him, I can’t agree to his proposal.
尽管我很尊敬他， 我却不同意他的建议。
The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough.
No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind.
He won’t listen whatever you may say.

8． 比较状语从句

常用引导词：as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较)

特殊引导词：the more … the more … ; just as …， so…; A is to B what /as X is to Y; no … more than; not A so much as B

She is as bad-tempered as her mother.
The house is three times as big as ours.
The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.
Food is to men what oil is to machine. 食物之于人，犹如油之于机器。

9． 方式状语从句

常用引导词：as, as if, how

特殊引导词：the way

When in Rome, do as the Roman do.
She behaved as if she were the boss.
Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.

Answer 2

(一)宾语和补语
1, 双宾语
①,双宾语
双宾语指一个动词后边接连出现两个宾语,两个宾语之间没有句法关
系.离述语近的宾语一般指人,叫近宾语,也叫间接宾语;离述语远的宾语一般指物,叫远宾语,也叫直接宾语.也有两个宾语都指人或都指物的.有的时候,远宾语还可以是谓词性短语,如"教我唱民族歌曲","问我怎么办才好"等.有双宾语的句子可以表述为"S—V—O1—O2".
可以带双宾语的动词叫作双宾动词.
②,双宾动词的类别
通常把双宾动词分为三类.
⑴,"交","给","送","教","问"类动词.这类动词中的S(主方)是O2 (事物)的"给予者",O1(客方)是O2(事物)的"得到者";V使O2由S向O1转移,具有"给予"的意义.V后往往能带上"给".
⑵,"接","受","讨","占","要"类动词.这类动词中的S(主方)是 O2 (事物)的"得到者",O1(客方)是O2(事物)的"给予者";V使O2由O1向S转移,具有"得到"的意义.V后往往不能带上"给".
⑶,"借","租","贷","取","分"类动词.这类动词有上述两类动词的特点.
③,双宾语的语义类别
⑴,"给予"类双宾语
⑵,"取得"类双宾语
⑶,"表称"类双宾语
双宾语还可以分出其他类别.如"可怜他一只眼",可以看作是表示原因的双宾语,"吓了我一身冷汗"可以看作表结果的双宾语,"吃他个新鲜"可以看作表时机的双宾语.另有一种宾语,动词由"借","租","贷","分"等组成,宾语兼有"给予"和"取得"的语义.
双宾语动词大都表示过去完成的动作,很少表示现在进行的动作,所以动词后面一般可以加"了","过",不能加上"着".有的双宾动词要求后
陈昌来《现代汉语句子》
面两个宾语缺一不可,如"称他老大哥"中的"称";有的双宾动词可以单留一个近宾语,不能单留远宾语;有的双宾动词可以单留远宾语,不能单留近宾语;有的双宾动词可以只出现双宾语中的任何一个.
2, 补语
①,补语的意义类别与结构类别
⑴,补语的意义类别
按照补语所表示的意义的不同,可以将补语分成如下几类:
结果补语
趋向补语
程度补语
情态补语
数量补语
⑵,补语的结构类别
根据补语后用不用"得",可以将补语分成三类.
不能用"得"的:如程度补语,数量补语.
必须用"得"的:情态补语.
插入"得"或"不"构成平行格式的,表示可能或不可能的:如结
果补语,趋向补语.
②, 结果补语和趋向补语
结果补语和趋向补语的组成
能够充当结果补语和趋向补语的成分都是动词或形容词,其中形
容词数量较多,动词的数量不多:充当趋向补语的是趋向动词,有"上","下","进","出","起","回","开","过"和"来","去",以及它们合成的"上来","下去","进来","出去"等;充当结果补语的动词常见的是"走","跑","动","倒""死","见","懂","成","完","穿","透"等.
根据述语和补语的配合情况,表结果和趋向的述语短语有下列几种搭配方式:
V—V:学懂 戳穿 打死 赶跑 睡醒
V—A:吃饱 坐下 递上 走开 带回
A—V:热醒 滑倒 瘦死 急哭 挖深
A—A:累坏 忙坏 热坏 涨红
结果补语上述四种搭配方式都有,趋向补语只有第一种和第三种搭配方式.
带上结果补语和趋向补语的述补短语语法功能上相当与一个动词,后面可以带"了"或者"过".
⑵,结果补语和趋向补语的可能式
结果补语和趋向补语都有用"得"(不)与不用"得"(不)构成平行格式.我们把不用"得"(不)的形式称为基本式,把用"得"(不)的形式称为可能式.
⑶,结果补语和趋向补语的语义指向
表结果的和比趋向的述补短语VR,从广义上说,都是表因果关系
的"使成式",它们构成的句子,从语义上说,都可以分成两个表述,即V或R都可分别与某个名词性成分构成主谓关系.这里牵涉到的是语义指向的问题.根据语义指向的不同,可以将结果补语和趋向补语分成三类.
前向
后向
双向
③,情态补语,程度补语和数量补语
⑴,情态补语
⑵,程度补语

⒊ 宾语和补语的区别
宾语和补语都位于述语之后,有相似之处,例如"读一篇文章"和"读一遍课文".但是它们不同,"读一篇"是个述宾短语,而"读一遍"则是个述补短语.

宾语和补语的辨别可以考虑以下三点:

充当宾语和补语的成分功能不同

能否用介词"把"字将述语后的词语提前

能否加上结构助词"得"

Answer 3

人家要通俗易懂的 晕
我说说 定语从句 用that whether等....引导的前面必须有先行词 先行词 就是名词 像
名字 物体 方法什么的 而且that..什么的代替前面的先行词的作用 同位语从句 用that引导的较多
that在句子中不做任何成分 就是 把它去掉 不影响句子表达的意思 一般 前面都有It is...... 后边 基本也就用that了 how where when 引导的 同位语 考得极少
其他的 就是宾语从句 状语从句之类的 就是 句中缺时间 就用when 地点where 依此类推 状语修饰动词 run study 等词 虚拟语气 自己看高2上 课本 后面讲解

Answer 4

定语就是对前面的话进行修饰的,例"Miss Zhang ,our teacher ,is a beautiful woman."中的"our teacher,is a beauiful woman "对Miss Zhang进行修饰，就是定语．
状语就是修饰动词的，例”I run quickly."中的quickly就是状语．如果不明白的话，还可以再问我．

Answer 5

我个人建议你去下一套资料，很管用的。《英语知识考前清理》。如果你要发邮件给我。 [email protected]本回答被提问者采纳