动名词加-ing形式和to do形式有哪些(初中)用法总结

多说点把初中用的都写出来谢谢

下面包括的还有过去分词done 一、1.不定式:表示“将来”和“(具体时间或方式下的)某一次动作”;
Can you imagine the building to be built next year?(将要)
I like to read after the teacher. (方式:after the teacher)
2.现在分词:可表示“正在、主动、习惯、在先”四种情况之一;
He was seen crying in the next room.(seen的时候crying正在发生)
While reading,he sometimes made some notes. (he主动reading)
I love reading English aloud.(习惯、爱好、 经常)
Finishing all his work,he had a drink. (先finish,后drink)
3.过去分词:仅表示“被动”或“完成”。
Moved deeply by what he said,we can't say a word.(被动)
When the sun has risen,they began to cheer all the way.(完成) 二、作宾语:
1.习惯在后面接上动词不定式作宾语的动词常见如:want,wish,hope,desire,ask,offer,agree,care, choose,
expect, manage, pretend,intend,attempt,decide,learn,
determine及tell/show/teach sb how to do
2.习惯在后面接动名词作宾语的动词常见的如:
1).admit,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,enjoy,escape,excuse,face,feel,finish,forgive,imagine,include,
keep,mention, mind,miss,practise,resis,risk,suggest
2).give up,put off,set about/off, insist on,
persist in,stick to,see to,look forward to,on the way to,
can't help/bear/stand,it's no use/good
3.后接to和接ing形式意义不同的常见动词如:
1)remember/forget接to do 表示动作“没有”发生或“将要”发生;接doing表示动作“已经”发生。
The letter is still in my pocket.I forget to have it posted.
信仍在我口袋里,我忘记把它寄出去了。
I forgot writing to him last month.So I write him again.
我忘了上月曾给他写过信。所以又给他写了封信。
2)regret doing是为做过的事而感到后悔; regret to do 为不能做某事而遗憾。
I regretted telling him everything. 我后悔把一切都跟他说了。
I regret to say that I can't go with you. 不能和你一起走,真遗憾!
3)stop/go on后接doing 表示“停止”或“继续”的是“同一件事”或某事“本身”;后接to do 表示“停下甲事开始干乙事”或“继续干上了另一件事”。
After finish maths,he went on to do physics exercises.
在做完数学(A事)后,他又继续做物理练习(B事)。
When the teacher came in,the students stopped singing.
教师进来后,学生们停止了唱歌(停止singing 动作本身)。
When the teacher came in,they stopped to sing.
老师进来后,他们(停下原来干的事情)开始唱歌。
4)try to do=try one's best 尽力地干某事 try doing sth=have a try试着干某事
5)mean to do sth意欲干某事,想干某事 mean doing意思是
6) like/love/hate to do 具体某次行为 like/love/hate doing 经常,习惯三、作定、状语时,to do表示“将”;doing表示“主动”;done表示“被”。
Given more time,I'll do it better.(后面主语I是被given)
Giving him another chance,they waited for him to win.(they主动“给”他)
He found himself followed by a stranger.(他被跟踪)
He came in,following a student. (他主动跟在学生后面)
This is the bridge built in 1980.(过去被修建)
This is the bridge being built by the workers.(正在被)
This is the bridge to be built next month.(下月将被修建)
注意:having (been) done这种形式,只宜作状语;不宜作定语。四、作宾语的补足语:后面的补语和前面的宾语之间有动宾或主谓关系。
1.感官动词的宾补省去to:
I hear someone sing/singing in the next room.
这类动词常见的有:see,look at,glare at,stare at,
glance at,watch,notice,observe; hear,listen to;feel等。
2.使役动词的宾补省去to:
常见这类动词有三个:make,let,have表示“使,让,叫”
The boss made him get up at six in the morning.
3.help的用法比较灵活,下面说法都是对的:
help do,help to do,help sb do,help sb to do,help sb with sth.注意:一般动词之间再接动词时,应将后面一个改为非谓语形式;在现代英语口语中能直接跟动词原形的也就这么几个:help do,see go,hear sing.
4.其它意义的动词作补语一般应加to:
The manager got his secretary to have the letter typed as soon as he finished.经理一写完信,就叫密书拿去打印。
再如:tell sb to do,order sb to do,ask sb to do等都是如此。
提示:1)宾补用do 或to do可表示“过去完成、将来和经常”,而用doing表示主句动词的动作发生时, 补语的动作也在同时发生;
2)不管不定式有没有带to,在改为被动语态后,其主语的补语(原宾补)一律用to do;原来是doing的,仍然用-ing形式。五、常见句式略要:
1.疑问词+to do,one's+doing
He didn't know what to do.
Do you mind my opening the windows?
2.too...to句型,“太过于...以致以不能...”
not too 弱化语气,“不太...”
3.形容词+enough to do “足可以”,“很. ..以致以可以”
4.So+形容词+as to do 相当于so...that “如此...以致”
5.It is/was +形容词+(for/of sb)+to do sth
“对某人来说...是...的”
It is important for us to learn how to use computers.
对我们来说学会使用电脑是很重要的。
6.It is no use/no good+动名词 “干... 是没有用处的”
It is no good talking without doing.
光说不做是毫无用处的。
7.当事物作主语,表示被动时,need/want/require
后面可以接两种形式:
The wall wants to be painted again.
这堵墙需要再次粉刷了。
注意:后接doing形式时要用主动式;同时出现,以to be done为优。
8.介词的宾语不用过去分词。(-ing形式叫动名词)
He rushed out without being noticed.(动名词短语的被动式作宾语)
They are interested in playing chess. (表示主动动作)
注意:but作介词时,可由不定式(to)do 作宾语。
The bear could do nothing but lie down and sleep.(“除...之外”)
分三种情况:but前有do的各种形式且作谓语,but后不用to;but前虽有do的各 种形式, 但并不作谓语,but后面的to可有可无;but前无do,but后to不可省。
9.Be worth (while) doing的-ing形式只用主动式不用被动式。
The movie is worth seeing again.
这部影片值得(被)再看一次。(不用being seen)
但be worthy后面接to be done或of being done均有被动式。
10.Not应放在非谓语动词的前面。
Having not received his answer, I wrote him again.
(错误:not应放在分词having的前面。)
You hadn't better go in such a hurry.
(错误:not应该放在go前;有to do的,not放to前。)
11.-ing表“主动”,与事有关;-ed (过去分词)表“被动”,与人有关。
He is moved by the moving story.(he和moved 搭配,“故事”用moving修饰)。
The tiring boy made his mother tired. 搅人的孩子使他母亲很累。
(孩子“主动”使人疲劳;母亲“被”孩子搅得疲劳。)
Her puzzing/puzzled face caused us to be puzzled.
她疑惑的脸色使我们也很疑惑。
( puzzling face 让我们疑惑的脸色(她主动);puzzled face她自己疑惑(她被)
12.动名词可以有复合结构:one's doing
Do you mind my smoking here?你在意我在这儿抽烟吗?
13.连词之后可用分词,其主、被动状况取决于与主句主语的关系。
If heated,ice can be turned into water.
主句主语ice被加热(heated)。
While reading,he had a good idea.
主句主语he主动reading(读书)。
14.结果状语可用动词不定式或者分词。非谓语前有only修饰时,都可用逗号与主句隔开;不加only时,-ing形式多加逗号隔开。
He hurried to school to find everyone had gone.
He hurried to school, finding that everyone had gone.
He hurried to school,only finding/only to find...
他匆忙赶到学校,结果发现大家都走了。
15.独立主格结构中非谓语动词的运用。
独立主格的形式:两个句子无连词,有逗号,各有其主(语)时,要把其中的一个句子的谓语改为非谓语形式,相当于另一个句子的状语。
It(主语1) being(非谓语) hot, (主语2省了you)let's go swimming.
His eyes(主语1) glaring,he(主语2) stood very still.
Her hair(主语1)cut(过去分词表被动),she(主语2)
looks more pretty.The boy came in,book in hand.
这男孩手里拿着书进来了。
(第一主语“孩子”,第二逻辑主语“书”;前面是完整的主句,后面是独立主格结构,把谓语动词was去掉;第二逻辑句相当于with a book in his hand 作状语修饰前面主句。)
15.非谓语动词在不同的句子结构中,可能表达不同的意义。
have sb do让人去做某事 have sth done 请人去做某事(某事被做)
have sb/sth doing听任/放任某人/ 事不管(继续他的动作或状态)
used to do 过去经常做某事 be used to do/for sth被用来做某事
be used to doing/get used to (doing) sth习惯于(做)某事六、几个应注意的问题:
1.不及物动词不能有先行词;如果先行词后面是不及物动词,或者先行词不是该动词的宾语,则应添加适当的介词。
I had no person to read to.我没有听众。
(read虽可作及物动词,但“读”的内容(宾语)应该是“文章”而不是“人”)
类似的再如:paper to write on, pen to write with,room to live in等等。
2.及物动词应带宾语。及物动词无宾语或带双宾语的动词只带了一个宾语,都应将这个动词改为被动式或过去分词。
Hunted everywhere,the wolves had no place to be hidden.
到处都在追杀,狼无处可藏。(hunt,hide 在这都作及物动词理解,都无宾语)
I found many villagers __at the back of the classroom.
A.seated B.seating C.sitting D.to sit down
我发现许多村民坐在教室的后面。
seat作及物动词用,是正规用法;这里后面无宾语,故用过去分词。如果用主动式的ing形式, 需在后面加上宾语,如seating themselves
3.ing 形式(动名词和现在分词)的专用功能及交叉功能。
1)专用功能:
作主语和宾语成分的-ing叫动名词(不叫分词);
作状语成分的-ing形式叫现在分词(不叫动名词)。
2)交叉功能:动名词和现在分词都能作定语和表语。
区别是:动名词表示“目的、用途”;分词表示“动作”。
a sleeping boy(孩子正在睡觉:动作)a sleeping car(用来睡觉的车:用途)
a burning stick(分词),a swimming pool(动名词)
She is washing(动作:分词;主语是人=进行时)
Her job is washing(判断:动名词;主语是事)
4.选用过去分词或现在分词,依据其与逻辑主语之间的关系是主动还是被动而定。不管其成分是状语、表语、定语,还是补语。
5.ing形式和to do的基本区别是:ing表示“经常”;
to do表示“将”或具体时间或方式下的某次动作;如:
I like reading;I like reading this afternoon.
ing表示“主动”;-ed表示“被动”。
总之,非谓语动词是英语语法中的一个重点项目,也是大总分学生学习的一个难点。总体上的区分要把握八个字:看你要表达的是“主动被动过去将来”。
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第1个回答  2013-07-10
动名词加-ing形式如下总结你可以参考一下:
1)stop to do 表示“停下来(正在做的事情)开始做别的事情”,stop为不及物动词,不定式to do在句中作状语,表示停下来的目的。 stop doing表示“停止干某事(即正在做的事)”,stop为及物动词,doing作stop的宾语,表示所停止的事情。试比较:
①Every half an hour my uncle would stop to have a smoke.
每半小时我叔叔就会停下来抽支烟。(不能说…stop having…)
②Why are you still playing games here?Stop to work!你们为什么还在这儿玩?停下来去干活!(不能说 Stop working!)
③As soon as Bob saw me, he stopped talking to his girl friend and came over.
鲍勃一看到我就停止和他女友说话,走了过来。(不能说…stopped to talk…)
④It's really high time for you to stop smoking.
你确实该戒烟了。(不能说…stop to smoke. )
2)remember to do表示“记住要做某事”,不定式作宾语,指要做的事情。remember doing表示“记得做过某事”,doing作宾语,指以前做过的事情。
试比较:
①Remember to turn off the lights when you leave the room. 记住离开房间时要关灯。(灯还没关,是个未来的动作,不能说Remember turning off…)
② I must remember to tell him about her. 我得记住把她的情况告诉他。
(还没告诉,未来动作,不能说…remember telling…)
③ I remember turning off the lights when I left the room. 我记得我离开房间时把灯熄了。(灯已熄,指过去的动作,不能说 I remember to turn off…)
④I remember telling him about her that day. 我记得那天告诉过他她的情况。(已告诉,指过去动作,不能说I remember to tell…)
3)forget to do表示“忘记做某事”,不定式作宾语,指要做的事情。 forget doing表示“忘了做过某事”,动词-ing形式作宾语,指过去所做过的事情。
试比较:
①I'm sorry I forgot to post your letter. 对不起,我忘了给你寄信了。(信没发,post动作没发生,不能说…forgot posting…)
4)try to do,意思是作一番努力,试图做某件困难的事。try doing表示试试做某件事情,看看会发生什么情况。试比较:
①I once tried to learn Japanese. 我曾试着学会日语。(表示一种企图,但没学会。)
②It is unwise for people to try repairing their own electrical appliances.
5)like to do与like doing的区别不大,前者表一次性动作,而后者表经常性、习惯性动作。
只接动名词(v-ing)作宾语的动词及固定结构:advise, appreciate, enjoy, delay, escape, finish, keep, imagine, mind, practise, risk, suggest, excuse, miss, avoid, complete, permit, prove等。Put off, spend some time in, keep(on), feel like, be busy, give off, be worth, be used to, can’t help, waste time(in), have difficulty in, what/how about, have a good time in, look forward to, devote to, pay attention to, stick to, insist on.
只接不定式(to do)的动词,如:afford,agree,claim,choose,decide,demand,desire,determine,be determined,fail,hope,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,seek,resolve(决心),threaten,wish,arrange,undertake(答应),volunteer (志愿),learn,etc.本回答被网友采纳
第2个回答  2013-07-10
enjoy doing,likedoing ,prefer doing ,remember doing,forget doing。pretend to do,like to do,want todo, forget to do ,regret to do,be suited to do。
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