什么是英语倒装句

Question

如题所述

Answer 1

14.1 倒装句之全部倒装

全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和 一般过去时。常见的结构有：
1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。
There goes the bell.
Then came the chairman.
Here is your letter.

2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。
Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.
Ahead sat an old woman.

注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。
Here he comes. Away they went.
14.2 倒装句之部分倒装

部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。

1) 句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等。
Never have I seen such a performance.
Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.
Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.
当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。

注意： 如否定词不在句首不倒装。
I have never seen such a performance.
The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.

典型例题

1) Why can't I smoke here?
At no time___ in the meeting-room
A. is smoking permitted B. smoking is permitted
C. smoking is it permitted D. does smoking permit
答案A. 这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。 这些否定词包括no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until等。本题的正常语序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.

2） Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is.
A. man did know B. man know C. didn't man know D. did man know
答案D. 看到Not until…的句型，我们知道为一倒装句，答案在C，D 中选一个。
改写为正常语序为，Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 现在将not提前，后面就不能再用否定了,否则意思就变了。

14.3 以否定词开头作部分倒装

如 Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than
Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.
Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.
No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.

典型例题
No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily.
A. the game began B. has the game begun
C. did the game begin D. had the game begun
答案D. 以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时，一般采用倒装句(谓语前置)。这类表示否定意义的词有never, seldom, scarcely, little, few, not, hardly, 以及not only…but (also), no sooner…than, hardly… when scarcely… when 等等。

注意：只有当Not only… but also连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Not only… but also仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构。
Not only you but also I am fond of music.

14.4 so, neither, nor作部分倒装

表示"也"、"也不" 的句子要部分倒装。
Tom can speak French. So can Jack.
If you won't go, neither will I.

典型例题
---Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother?
---I don't know, _____.
A. nor don't I care B. nor do I care C. I don't care neither D. I don't care also
答案：B. nor为增补意思"也不关心"，因此句子应倒装。A错在用 don't 再次否定， C neither 用法不对且缺乏连词。 D缺乏连词。

注意： 当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为"的确如此"。
Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.
---It's raining hard. ---So it is.

14.5 only在句首要倒装的情况

Only in this way, can you learn English well.
Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.
如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装
Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.
14.6 as, though 引导的倒装句

as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前 （形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前）。

注意：
1) 句首名词不能带任何冠词。
2) 句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语, 随实义动词一起放在主语之前。
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.

注意:
让步状语从句中，有though，although时，后面的主句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用。

14.7 其他部分倒装

1) so… that 句型中的so 位于句首时，需倒装。
So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.

2) 在某些表示祝愿的句型中：
May you all be happy.

3) 在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词，可将if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。
Were I you, I would try it again.

典型例题：
1） Not until the early years of the 19th century___ what heat is
A. man did know B. man knew C. didn't man know D. did man know
答案为D. 否定词Not在句首，要求用部分倒装的句子结构。

2） Not until I began to work ___ how much time I had wasted.
A. didn't I realize B. did I realize C. I didn't realize D. I realize
答案为B。

3) Do you know Tom bought a new car?
I don't know, ___.
A. nor don't I care B. nor do I care
C. I don't care neither D. I don't care also
解析：答案为B. 句中的nor引出部分倒装结构，表示"也不"。由 so, neither, nor引导的倒装句，表示前一情况的重复出现。其中, so用于肯定句, 而 neither, nor 用在否定句中。

Answer 2

一、
为什么有倒装句？
答：（1）、为了强调；（2）、句子结构（句子平衡）的需要。
二、
倒装句可分为两大类：（1）、部分倒装；（2）、全倒装。
三、
倒装句种类分述：
1．
部分倒装（方法与一般疑问句一样：情态动词，原有助动词，添加助动词，，动词be，动词hxdye
+
主语
+
其他谓语
+
---。为方便起见，我们把“情态动词，原有助动词，添加助动词，，动词be，动词hxdye”称作“操作词”）。需要部分倒装的情形如下：
（1）、问句。（注意：疑问词做主语时除外）
另外，特殊疑问句中若有插入语（do
you
think
/
suppose
/
guess
/
expect
/
believe
/
imagine）时，注意如下语序：
○What
do
you
think
happened
to
him
last
night？（疑问词做主语）
○When
do
you
suppose
he
will
come
back？（疑问词不做主语）
○What
do
you
guess
he
is
doing
now？（疑问词不做主语）
对比：◎
Do
you
think
he
was
lying
then？
◎
Do
you
know
what
he
is
doing？
（2）、以做状语的否定副词或介词短语开头的句子（包括个别从句，如，He
is
so
poor
that
never
has
he
been
abroad.）。常见的这类词语有：not短语,
never,
hardly,
scarcely,
rarely,
seldom,
little,
no
longer,
by
no
means(决不)
=
in
no
way
=
in
no
case
=
on
no
account
=
at
no
time,
no
where
=
at
no
point,
not
until---(主句倒装),
no
sooner---(倒装，过去完成时)
than---(不倒装，过去时)
=
hardly/scarcely/rarely---
when---.
○
He
listened
so
carefully
that
not
a
single
word
did
he
miss.
（3）、如下几个重要句型：
○
肯定句，so
+
操作词
+
主语（表示“也---”）.
可转换成：肯定句.
另一个肯定句，too/as
well.
○
否定句，neither/nor/no
more
+
操作词
+
主语（表示“也不---”,
若有多个主语,则只能用nor来连接）.

Answer 3

倒装句指为了强调、突出等目的而颠倒原有语序的句式。英语句子的正常语序是主语在前，谓语在后。但有时为了强调句中的某一部分或其他原因，将谓语全部或部分移到主语的前面。根据其倒装形式可分为全部倒装和部分倒装。

Answer 4

英语句子中的主语通常在谓语动词前，这种语序称为正常语序，反之，主语在后，谓语在前的语序叫倒装语序

Answer 5

1. “某些副词+不及物动词+主语”的句式，需要全部倒装。常用的副词主要有：here , there , now , then , out , in , down , up , away 等，表示强调。主语是代词时，不必倒装。

Out rushed the boy .

Down came the brown wave .

2. 表示方位的短语放在句首，后面一般使用倒装语序。

West of the lake lies the famous city .

3. There be + 主语+地点。其中动词be也可以是其他词，如lie，stand等。

There are many different kinds of mooncakes on the table .

There in Greece lived a famous thinker , named Aristotle .

4. 如果直接引语后注明是什么人说的，而且主语是名词时，需要完全倒装；主语是代词时，一般不用倒装。

“Let”s go ! ”said the captain .

“Take off your boots !” ordered the guard .

5. 为了保持句子平衡，或为了强调表语或状语，或使上下文紧密衔接时。

They arrived at an old church , in front of which stood a big crowd of people .

6. 用于so开头的句子，表示重复前面相同的内容，意为“也怎么样”。另外，在结果状语从句句型so …that …中，如果强调so…放在句首，主句需要部分倒装。

I often go out for a walk after supper . So does she .

我经常在晚饭后出去散步，她也这样。

So excited was she at the news that she couldn”t say a word .

听到这个消息，她是如此激动，以致于一句话也说不出来。

7. 用于nor , neither 开头的句子，表示重复前面相同的内容，“也不怎么样”。

Li Lei can”t answer the question . Neither can I .

If you don”t wait for him , nor shall I .

8. only放在句首，强调状语（副词，介词短语或状语从句等），全句语序要部分倒装。

Only in this way can we get in touch with them .

Only because he was ill was he absent from school .

注意：only放在句首，强调主语时，语序不必倒装。

Only Mr Wang knows about it .

9. 带有否定意义的词放在句首，语序需要部分倒装。常见的词语有： not , never , seldom , scarcely , barely , little , at no time , not only , not once , under on condition , hardly … when , no sooner …than ……等。

Little did I think he is a spy .

我一点也没想到他是一个间谍。

Hardly had I reached home when it began to rain .

No sooner had I entered the room than the phone rang .

10. 在虚拟语气中，倒装代替条件。

Should he be here next week , he would help us with the problem .

Were there no light , we could see nothing .

11. 用于某些表示祝愿的句子。

May you succeed ! 祝你成功！ Long live France ! 法兰西万岁！

参考资料：http://www2.chinaedu.com/101resource004/wenjianku/200313/101ktb/ztfd/F10E0278/F10E0278.htm

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