第1个回答 2011-12-26
首先,同位语从句、表语从句属于名词性从句,在语法上相当于一个名词。而定语从句属于形容词性从句,相当于形容词起到修饰限定作用。
1.同位语从句
顾名思义,从句跟它所对应的先行词是“同位”的,地位相同。一般由that引导。
例:I heard the news that our team had won.句中news即为先行词,that our team had won即为同位语从句。本质上,先行词就等同于同位语从句,同位语从句呢就是对先行词进行补充说明。
2.定语从句
定语的作用就是限定、修饰,这与形容词在用法上是一致的。
例:Those who are willing to attend the party , sign your name please.其中those为先行词,who为引导词, who are willing to attend the party 为定语从句。
小结:同位语从句跟定语从句的区别是把引导词去掉后是否为一完整的句子。如同位语从句that our team had won,把that去掉仍为完整的句子;定语从句who are willing to attend the party ,将who去掉后,句子就缺少了主语。
3.表语从句
表语从句就是用一个句子作为表语,说明主语是什么或者怎么样的。通常在系动词be seem, appear, prove, turn out, grow 之后。连接词可以由that, what, who, when, where, which, why,whether,how.whoever,whomever,whichever ,whatever担当。
例句:
His suggestion is that we should stay calm. The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.
其实表语从句比较简单,如果是系动词+一个句子,那么这个句子就叫做表语从句。
个人来看,同位语从句与定语从句比较容易混淆,还需多练习,多思考。