宾语：
(1) 由名词、代词(人称代词要用宾格)、不定式、动名词、(宾语)从句充当,表示动作的承受者是"谁"或者是"何物"。如： The angel also came to Joseph and told him the same thing.(那个天使同样来到约瑟夫面前并且告诉他同样的事情。)(代词和名词充当两个宾语) / He told me that the company could not afford to pay him so much money.(他告诉我说公司付不起他那么多的钱。)(不定式作宾语) / They enjoy watching football games so much that they often forget their lessons.(他们如此喜爱看足球以至于常常忘记了他们的功课。)(动名词作宾语) / I think to be a children's doctor is very rewarding.(我认为当个儿童医生是很值得的。)(从句作宾语)
(2) 只有及物动词或介词才有宾语,不及物动词没有宾语,如果涉及到事物,则必须在不及物动词后面加合适的介词。Listen to the radio. (listen不是及物动词,故加to。) / Can you hear anything exciting?(你能听到什么令人兴奋的消息吗？)
(3) 宾语一般放在及物动词或介词的后面,但是在疑问句中,如果宾语是疑问词,则宾语要放在句首。介词的宾语如果是疑问词,则可以放在介词后或句首。如：What did he see? (他看见了什么？) / What does he write a letter with? (他用什么写的信？) / With what does he write a letter? (他用什么写的信？)
(4)"动词+副词+宾语"结构中,如果宾语是代词,则代词必须放在"动""副"之间。如：Please put the shoes away. (请把鞋子收起来。) / Please put away the shoes. (请把鞋子收起来。) / Please put them away. (请把它们收起来。)
(5) 动词后面跟双宾语时可以采用两种结构：
①动词+间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(物)。如：He often gives me some help. (他常常帮我。)
②动词+直接宾语+介词+间接宾语。注意,一般情况介词用to,但动词是make, buy, borrow时,介词用for.如： Please make me a kite. (请给我做个风筝。)或Please make a kite for me.
(6) 在"动词+宾语+宾补"结构中,如果宾语是不定式、动名词、宾语从句,则常用it做形式宾语,而将实际的宾语移到补语后面去。如：I found the job rather difficult. (我发觉这个工作相当难做。) / I found it rather difficult to do the job.
(7) 宾语可以由从句充当,详见"宾语从句"。
副词
1．副词的种类：
○1 时间副词：often, always, usually, early, ago, already, before, ever, late, now, soon, since, tomorrow, just now …
○2 地点副词：here, there, above, below, outside, anywhere, back, down, home, out, everywhere …
○3 方式副词：hard, well, badly, fast, slowly, angrily, simply, carefully …
○4 程度副词：very, quite, much, still, almost, little, too, enough …
○5 疑问副词：how, when, where, why …
○6 关系副词：when, where, why … （引导定语从句）
○7 连接副词：how, when, where, why, whether …
○8 频率副词：often, seldom, usually, never, sometimes, every day, always, hardly …
○9 其他副词：really, certainly, surely, maybe …
2．副词的用法：
○1 作状语 ： He can finish the work easily .
○2 作定语（要后置） ： The students here are from Harbin .
○3 作表语 ： I must be off now .
○4 作宾补，构成复合宾语 ： Show him up . I saw him out with my sister last night .
3．副词的比较级和最高级。（一般加 er / est ,不规则见表）
○1 副词的原级：
A． as + 副词的原级 + as "与…一样"
B． not as(so) + 副词的原级 + as "与…不一样"
C． too + 副词的原级 + to do sth . "太…而不能"
D． so + 副词的原级 + that 从句 "如此…以致于…"
E． 副词的原级 + enough to do sth . "足够…能做…"
○2 副词的比较级：
A．A + 动词 + 副词比较级 + than + B
B．副词比较级前也可以用 much, even, still, far, any, a little, a bit, a lot 等修饰。
C．比较级 ＋ and + 比较级，表示"越来越…"，the more … the more … 表示"越…就越…"
D．副词的最高级前通常不加定冠词 the .
温馨提示：答案为网友推荐，仅供参考