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1. type of movie: action movie
2. other activities: discussion
3. seats available: 80
4. data: 17 April
5. six freeâ¦â¦: meetings
6. free of charge: admission
7. can also bring a â¦â¦: guest
8. tickets
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Section two
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11-14 Multiple choice
11. once arriving at the M resort, you will seea gas station
12. change currency:Kiosk
13. Ask for help (along the beach):advice
14. unsatisfied:music
15-20Map
15. bookshop
16. small supermarket
17.café
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Section three
21-26 åéé¢
21. What is the best time to observe the chimpanzees?
A. looking for foodC. eating food
22. Where do their behaviors come from, various ways?
A. imitating their parents
B. imitating human
C. genetic
23. Why do the chimpanzees wave to them?
C. to show their dominance
24. What do the chimpanzees use leaves to do?
to protect head dry (from the rain)
25. How do the chimpanzees open the nutshell to get the food?
A. throw to the wall
B. hit with stick
C. hit with a stone
26. What do the students think the research result is?
A. invalid
B. interesting
C. imaginable
27-30 å¤é两个5é2
27-28. What is the future research direction?
A. adult relationship
B. feeding young animals
C. choice of diet
D. fighting
29-30. What tools do they need to bring next time?
A. fruit(banana)
B. measuring equipment
D. video camera (not camera) binoculars
Section four
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31. Arctic (Eskimo) people copy the hunting skill spider.
32. silk which is stronger than steel.
33. finer than human hair application
34. environmentally friendly equipment for fishing
35. treat sports (athlete) injures
36. medical stitches: self-dissolving (removal) pain.
37. Problem: noise of a train
Owl : artificial skill
38. skating boards used by Olympic
39. vibration on plane and end of a tunnel
40. reduce the loss of energy
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读æºç»Passage One
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2. desalination
3. grid
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Passage two
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Passage three
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æ é¢ï¼The secrets of Persuasion
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The Secrets of Persuasion
A Our mother may have told you the secret to getting what you ask for was to say please. The reality is rather more surprising. Adam Duddingtalks to a psychologist who has made a lifeâs work from the science of persuasion. Some scientists peer at things through high-powered microscopes. Others goad rats through mazes, or mix bubbling fluids in glass beakers. Robert Cialdini, for his part, does curious things with towels, and believes that by doing so he is discovering important insights into how society works.
B Cialdiniâs towel experiments (more of them later), are part of his research into how we persuade others to say yes. He wants to know why some people have a knack for bending the will of others, be it a telephone cold-caller talking to you about timeshares, or a parent whose children are compliant even without threats of extreme violence. While heâs anxious not tobe seen as the man whoâs written the bible for snake-oil salesmen, for decades the Arizona State University social psychology professor has been creating systems for the principles and methods of persuasion, and writing bestsellers about them. Some peopleseem to be born with the skills; Cialdiniâs claim is that by applying a little science, even those of us who arenât should be able to get our own way more often. "All my life Iâve been an easy mark for the blandishment of salespeople and fundraisers and Iâd always wondered why they could get me to buy things I didnât want and give to causes I hadnât heard of," says Cialdini on the phone from London, where he is plugging his latest book.
C He found that laboratory experiments on the psychology of persuasion were telling only part of the story, so he began to research influence in the real world, enrolling in sales-training programmes: "I learnt how to sell automobiles from a lot, how to sellinsurance from an office, how to sell encyclopedias door to door. " He concluded there were six general "principles of influence" and has since put them to the test under slightly more scientific conditions. Most recently, that has meant messing about with towels. Many hotels leave a little card in each bathroom asking guests to reuse towels and thus conserve water and electricity and reduce pollution. Cialdini and his colleagues wanted to test the relative effectiveness of different words on those cards. Would guests be motivated to co-operate simply because it would help save the planet, or were other factors more compelling? To test this, the researchers changed the cardâs message from an environmental one to the simple (and truthful) statement that the majority of guests at the hotel had reused their towel at least once. Guests given this message were 26% more likely to reuse their towels than those given the old message. In Cialdiniâs book "Yes! 50 Secrets from the Science of Persuasion", co-written with another social scientist and a business consultant, he explains that guests were responding to the persuasive force of "social proofâ, the idea that our decisions are strongly influenced by what we believe other people like us are doing.
D So much for towels. Cialdini has also learnt a lot from confectionery. Yes! cites the work of New Jersey behavioural scientist David Strohmetz, who wanted to see how restaurant patrons would respond to a ridiculously small favour from their food server, in the form of an after-dinner chocolate for each diner. The secret, it seems, is in how you give the chocolate. When the chocolates arrived in a heap with the bill, tips went up a miserly 3% compared to when no chocolate was given. But when the chocolates were dropped individually in front of each diner, tips went up 14%. The scientific breakthrough, though, came when the waitress gave each diner one chocolate, headed away from the table then doubled back to give them one more each, as if such generosity had only justoccurred to her. Tips went up 23%. This is "reciprocity" in action: we want to return favours done to us, often without bothering to calculate the relative value of what is being received and given.
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