定语从句的关系副词是什么？

Question

如题所述

Answer 1

关系副词，顾名思义，是联系先行词和定语从句的词，属于副词。定语从句中的关系副词有三个：when, where和why，它们在定语从句中分别作时间、地点和原因状语。其句法结构如下：
表时间的名词 + when + 定语从句
when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。
例句：I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. I’ll never forget the day when I joined the army. 表地点的名词 + where + 定语从句
where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。
例句：The factory where his father works is in the west of the city. This is the house where I lived two years ago.
表原因的名词reason + why + 定语从句(why只用于reason之后的限制性定语从句中,在定语从句中作原因状语。)
例句：That is the reason why I did the job.(在现代英语中why可以省略) 上句也可以这样表示：
That is the reason I did the job.
又如： This was the reason (why )we raised the temperature. 关系副词在定语从句中的用法看似简单，以下注意点不可忽视：
1）“when”、“where”和“why”的运用取就于表时间的名词、表地点的名词和表原因的名词reason在定语从句中所作的成分，比较下面的几组句子： *I will never forget the day when I first met you on the seashore.
*I will never forget the days which/that we spent together in Xueyao Middle School.
**This is the hospital where my mother works.
**This is the hospital which/that we visited the day before yesterday. ***The reason why he did not go to school is that he was ill. ***This is the reason which/that he gave his boss in the office .
2) “when”、“where”和“why”都可以替换成“介词 + which”，介词的选用取就于先行词和定语从句中的动词。例如：
Do you still remember the day on which we first met in Nantong?(on which=when)
This is the room in which we lived last year.(in which=where)
Do you know the reason for which he refused to go to Mary’s birthday party. (for which=why)
有时定语从句中介词短语和动词有意义紧密的修饰关系，尤其在非限制性定语从句中，常使用“介词 + which”结构，而不使用关系副词。例如：
My mother works in a factory, in front of which there is a small river.
At night the soldiers got to a small hill, at the foot of which stood a farmhouse.
3) 关系副词“when”、“where”既可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句。

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例如：I will always remember the day when I first visited the Great Wall. He came to Shanghai in 1980, when he was only 12. I don’t know the exact spot where they will meet.
Mr Wang will fly to Beijing, where he will stay for three months.
有时关系副词“when”、“where”引导的限制性定语从句和先行词有间隔的现象，是为了平衡句子的语法需要。
Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace?
The days are gone forever when the Chinese people used “foreign oil.”. 4) “that”可活用为关系副词，相当于“when, where、why”和“介词 + which”结构，尤其在“the time when”等结构中的“when”常被“that”代替，而且“that”往往省略。 I may leave here any time I want to.
During the time I was there I visited him twice.
This is my second time I have come to your country. 5) “which”有时可用作关系形容词，这是“which”在非限制性定语从句中的特殊使用，如：
The doctor advised him to give up smoking, which advice he did not follow.

Answer 2

定语从句的关系副词是when、where、why。
一、关系副词when的用法。
when在从句中用作时间状语，其先行词须是表时间的名词。如：
We will put off the picnic until next week, when the weather may be better.
我们打算把野餐推迟到下周，那时天气可能转好。
He came last night when I was out.
他昨晚来时我出去了。
that有时亦可用作表时间的关系副词。如：
It happened on the day that I was born.
那件事是在我出生的那一天发生的。
二、关系副词where的用法。
where在从句中用作地点状语，其先行词须是表地点的名词。如：
They went to the Royal Theatre, where they saw Ibsen's "The Doll’s house".
他们去皇家剧院看了易卜生的《傀儡家庭》。
The place where Macbeth met the witches was a desolate heath.
麦克白遇见女巫的地方是一片荒原。
where的先行词亦可是有地点含义的抽象名词。如：
He has reached the point where a change is needed.
他已到了需要改弦易辙的地步。
三、关系副词why的用法。
why在从句中用作原因状语，其先行词只有reason，并且只能用在限制性定语从句中，如：
That is no reason why you should leave.
那不是你必须离开的原因。
He refused to disclose the reason why he did it.
他拒绝透露他做那件事的原因。
有时why可以省去。如：
That's one of the reasons I asked you to come.
那是我要你来的原因之一。
有时why可用that代替。如：
The reason that he died was lack of medical care.
他死于缺乏医疗。