句子应分为三类分别是:简单句,并列句,复合句。主要判断依据是看谓语(形容主要人物(事物)做什么,怎么样的成分主要由动词充当),若只有一个谓语就是简单句,若有两个或以上谓语且由连词将这些谓语构成的句子连接起来的句子就是并列句。第三种就是你所说的从句即复合句,它分为三种:名词性从句,形容词性从句(定语从句),副词性从句(状语从句(状语就是说明事件发生的时间,地点,原因,结果等等的成分,像in the morning /at school)),而刚才提到的名词性从句又可分为:主语从句(像what you say makes(谓语动词,翻译成“让”)me(宾语,位于动词之后) happy, 此句的主语就是由what you say这个句子充当的,所以叫主语从句;第二个是表语从句(像the fact is what you say.(the fact做主句的主语,is是系动词(am are也是),而系动词后的what you say就是表语,因为表语由句子来充当所以称为表语从句);第三个是宾语从句(像he said what you did.句子做了谓语动词said的宾语)。第四个是同位语,这里只举个简单例子:It's the fact that the earth travels around the sun(事实就是地球围绕太阳转)(that在句中不做任何成分只起连接句子作用)。然后是定语(修饰是名词或代词的成分,如:beautiful flower 这个beautiful就是flower的定语)从句,这个定语从句中的从句所修饰的词成为先行词,引导定语从句的关联词称为关系代词(who whom whose that which等不定代词)或关系副词(where等),关系代词可在从句句中做主语,宾语,定语;关系副词做状语。
举例说明:
一.关联词是关系代词
1.人物定语从句
(1).the student who answer the question was Jonh.(回答问题的学生是Jonh)此句主句是the student was Jonh.而从句who answer the question做the student的定语,说明Jonh是怎样的学生,关联词who在从句中有作主语(即回答问题的主体)。(修饰人的定语从句关联词只能用who,whom,whose)(在修是人的定语从句的从句中做主语,关联词只能用who和that)
(2).the man whom I saw is Smith.(主句:the man is Smith.从句who I saw,whom做从句的宾语,这里whom被提前了其实是I saw sb( whom)。再作宾语时whom可换成who,也可以省略)
(3).I looked for a student whose book was missing.(我在找一个书丢了的学生)(主句:I looking for a student.从句:whose book was missing.whose作book的定语。关联词在从句中作定语用whose或of whom)
2修饰事物的定语从句(大致与人一样)
(1).a letter that(可换为which) is written in pencil is difficult to read.(用铅笔写的信很难读)(主句:a letter is difficult to read.从句:that is written in pencil.that在从句中作主语,可用which替换。)
(2).the letter that I received from him yesterday is very impotant.(主句:the letter is very important.从句:that I received from him(I received that from him)that在从句中作宾语,可替换为which,也可省略)
(3).I like the room whose window is big.(主句:I like the window.从句:whose window is big.whose在从句中作定语,可换为of which)
二.关联词是关系副词
关联词在从句中都作状语
he came last night when I was out.(昨晚他来时我出去了)
Is there a shop where I can get fruit?(附近有可以买到水果的商店吗?)
do you know the reason why he came late?(你知道他迟到的原因吗?)
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