怎么区别定语从句引导词在句子中做什么语法成分？

Question

如题所述

Answer 1

这个问题其实很简单。
首先定语从句是形容词性从句，在限定性定语从句中，被修饰词叫做“先行词”，而用来引导定语从句的引导词是代替先行词在从句中作相应的成分，这些成分一般包括：主、宾、表、定、状语几种。判断其成分要先看从句，不要先受主句的影响，一个英语句子必有动词作谓语，动作的发出者就是主语了这是不可缺少的！！关键的一步就是看动词是及物动词（必须有宾语）还是不及物动词（不能直接加宾语），及物动词后无宾语，则引导词代替先行词在句中充当宾语，若是不及物动词则引导词不做宾语。【缺主语时一目了然】。
如主宾表都不缺，在看先行词雨引导词后的名词是否存在所属关系，若有则做的是定语（通常用whose）以上都不是就只剩状语了，至于是时间状语还是地点状语就自己判断好啦。再加上对引导词用法的了解，就没什么大问题了。
定语从句是三大从句之一，内容繁多，不能一一介绍，请见谅！！

Answer 2

要看从句中缺少什么成分，如：同位语从句：We all feel sorry about the news that he failed in the game. 这部分意思完整he failed in the game. 不缺任何成分。
名词从句有四类：宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。例如：
宾语从句：I don’t know where he will go.
主语从句：Where he will go is unknown.
表语从句：The problem is how we can get so much money.
同位语从句：We all feel sorry about the news that he failed in the game.
下面几点是学习名词从句要加以注意的：
1． whether和if都可以引导宾语从句表达“是否”意，（即引导宾语从句时if和whether
可以互换）但以下几种名词从句要用whether（不用if）引导：
（1） 引导主语从句，且在句首时。例：Whether he has won the tennis is not known.(但
It is not known whether/if he has won the tennis).
（2） 引导表语从句时。例The problem is whether he can get a job.
（3） 引导同位语从句时。例：I have no idea whether he will come.
（4） 介词后的whether从句。例：I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.
2． 位于句首引导主语从句的that不可忘。
例如：That he got the first place in the competition surprised all of us.
3． 在“It is suggested/proposed/ordered/a pity/no wonder/necessary/strange/…＋
that从句”结构中，that从句谓语有时用（should）do这样的虚拟语气形式。
例如：It is suggested that we(should) improve the relations between us.
It is a pity that one(should) stay in one place all one´s life.
It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings（缺点）.
4． 在“The reason why…is that…”句式中that不要误为because.
例如：The reason why he didn´t go to school yesterday is that he was ill.
5． 名词从句中that,what用法比较：
引导名词从句的that是连词，在句中无成份，无意义，而what是连接代词，what＝the
thing(s) that.
例如：It was told in yesterday´s newspaper that what the students had done was praised
by the factory.

I know that he will study.
I know what he will study.
That he works hard at his lessons is known to us all.
What he works hard at is known to us all.
All I ask is that you should tell the truth./He is not what(＝the person that)he
used to be.他和以前大不相同了。
6． where在名词从句中的使用特点：
where在名词从句中有时可以变为“the place where”,有时可以变为“介词＋the place where” 形式。例如：
主从：Where(＝The place where)she has gone is still unknown.
宾从：Would you please tell me where(＝the place where) Mr Smith lives?
表从：Your dictionary remains where(＝in/at the place where)you put.
同位从：Have you any idea where(＝of the place where) she is spending her holidays?
7． 无论是哪种名词从句都是陈述语序。例如：
I know where he lives./Please tell me what her name is.
当一个特殊疑问句本身就是陈述语序（即“主＋谓＋（宾）”或“主＋系＋表”结构），将其变为间接引语（即宾语从句）时，无需改变语序。例如：
What´s the matter with him? She asked me what was the matter with him.
Who looks after your grandfather? He asked me who looked after my grandfather.

Answer 3

定语从句引导词在句子中做什么语法成分的判定和判断普通简单句中任意单词所作成分没有区别。你无法判断引导词在句子中做什么语法成分说明你对五种简单句的理解很不到位。所以你要先学习一下5种基本句型，学会了这个，判断引导词的成分自然不成问题。