第1个回答 2011-02-15
1. 动词的语态
语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。
主语是动作的发出者为主动语态;主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。
1)若宾语补足语是不带to 的不定式,变为被动语态 时,该不定式前要加to。此类动词为感官动词。feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, make, observe, see, notice, watch
The teacher made me go out of the classroom.
--> I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher).
We saw him play football on the playground.
--> He was seen to play football on the playground.
2)情态动词+ be +过去分词,构成被动语态。
Coal can be used to produce electricity for agriculture and industry.
2.被动形式表示主动意义
be determined, be pleased, be graduated (from), be finished, be prepared (for), be occupied (in), get marries
例: He is graduated from a famous university.(他毕业于一所有名的大学。)
注意: 表示同某人结婚,用marry sb. 或get married to sb. 都可。
He married a rich girl. He got married to a rich girl.
3. 短语动词的被动语态
短语动词是一个整体,不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。
This is a photo of the power station that has been set up in my hometown.
My sister will be taken care of by Grandma.
Such a thing has never been heard of before..
4 .不用被动语态的情况
1) 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态:
appear, die disappear, end (vi. 结束), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand
break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place.
After the fire, very little remained of my house.
比较: rise, fall, happen是不及物动词;raise, seat是及物动词。
(错) The price has been risen.
(对) The price has risen.
(错) The accident was happened last week.
(对) The accident happened last week.
(错) The price has raised.
(对) The price has been raised.
(错) Please seat.
(对) Please be seated.
要想正确地使用被动语态,就须注意哪些动词是及物的,哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。
5. 一、被动语态的基本形式
1. 被动语态的基本时态变化
被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be+过去分词构成,be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例,各种时态的被动语态形式为:
1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时
2)was/were done 一般过去时
3)has /have been done 现在完成时
4)had been done 过去完成时
5)am/is /are being done 现在进行时
6)was/were being done 过去进行时
7)shall/will be done 一般将来时
8)should/would be done 过去将来时
9)shall/will have been done 将来完成时
10) should/would have been done 过去将来完成时
2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式
1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为:情态动词+be+过去分词。
2) 在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear,等后面不定式作宾
语时,在主动结构中不定式to要省略,但变为被动结构时,要加to。
3. 非谓语动词的被动语态: v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态。
4. It is said that+从句及其他类似句型
一些表示“据说”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think 等可以用于句型“It+is/was+过去分词+that从句”或“主语+be+过去分词+to do sth.”。有:It is said that… 据说,It is reported that…据报道,It is believed that…大家相信,It is hoped that…大家希望,It is well known that…众所周知,It is thought that…大家认为,It is suggested that…据建议。 It is said that the boy has passed the exam./ The boy is said to have passed the exam.
二、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义
1. 英语中有很多动词如lock,open,sell,read,write,wash等,当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时,常用其主动形式 表达被动意义,主语通常是物。
This kind of cloth washes well.
注意:主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征,而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。
试比较:The door won’t lock. (指门本身有毛病)
The door won’t be locked.(指不会有人来锁门, 指“门没有锁”是人的原因)
2. 系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste, look,smell常以主动形式表示被动意义。
Your reason sounds reasonable.
三、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义
1. 在need,want,require等词的后面,动名词用主动形式表示被动意义,其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
The house needs repairing(to be repaired).这房子需要修理。
2. 形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义,但不能跟动词不定式;而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。 The picture-book is well worth reading.(=The picture-book is very worthy to be read.)
3. 在too… to…结构中,不定式前面可加逻辑主语,所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。
This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.
2) 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语:
fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to
This key just fits the lock.
3) 系动词无被动语态:
appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, tur
4) 带同源宾语的及物动词,反身代词,相互代词,不能用于被动语态:
die, death, dream, live, life
She dreamed a bad dream last night.
5) 当宾语是不定式时,很少用于被动语态。
(对) She likes to swim.
(错) To swim is liked by her.
什么叫被动词语 是被动语态把 汗