Spend,pay for,cost和take的区别

如题所述

区别spend, cost, take, pay和pay for

(1)spend的主语必须是“人”,宾语可以是钱、精力、时间等,其后用on (for) + 名词或用in(可省略)+ 动名词形式,不接不定式。如:

He spent a lot of money for this new car.他花了很多钱买了这辆新车。

(2)He spends much money on books.他平时将很多钱用在买书上。

He spent a lot of money (in) buying a new car.他花很多钱买一辆新车。

Every morning he spends half an hour on English.每天早晨他用半小时读英语。(句中on English可与(in) reading English替换)

(2)cost的主语必须是“物”或“事”,表示“费用”、“耗费”,后接life, money, health, time等,侧重于“花费”的代价。如:

The book cost him one dollar.这本书用了他一美元。

It costs you 12 pounds to go London by ship.乘船到伦敦要用12英磅。

Making experiments like this costs much time and labour.做这样的实验要花很多钱。

注意:cost后不能与具体的时间长度连用,只能与表示抽象概念的时间短语连用。如:some time, much time, ten
years of hard work等。可说It cost him ten years of work.不可说It cost him ten
years to work.

(3)take表示“花费”时,其主语一般是“一件事”,有时主语也可以是人,它说明事情完成“花费了……”。如:

少took me ten minutes to go to the post office.到邮局用去了我十分钟时间。

The producer took two years to make the film.制片商用了两年时间拍这部新影片。

说明:take…to do sth.句型侧重完成该动作花费的时间,而spend…doing sth.有时并不说明动作的完成。如:

It took him an hour to read the book.他用一小时读完了这本书。

He spent an hour (in) reading the book.他用了一小时读这本书。(是否读完并未说明)

(4)pay的基本意思是“支付”,作为及物动词,宾语可以是“人”、“钱”。如:

He paid the taxi and hurried to the station.他付了出租车的钱,急忙向车站赶去。

They had to pay two hundred francs.他得付二百法郎。

We’ll pay you in a few days.几天后我会给你钱。

(5)pay for的宾语为“物”、“事”,for表示支付的原因。如:

You’ll have to pay me ten dollars a week for your meals.你得每周付给我十美元饭钱。

注意:下面两句中pay for的意义不同。

Of course we have to pay for what we buy.当然我们买东西得付钱。

Don’t worry about money; I’ll pay for you.别担心钱,我会替你付的。
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