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In 1956 Fidel Castro led a guerrilla force, the 26th of July Movement, in a revolt against the government of Fulgencio Batista. In 1959 Batista fled the country。
Cuban leader Fidel Castro shakes hands with Premier Nikita Khrushchev of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Castro and Khrushchev first met in 1960 during a United Nations General Assembly in New York. The two men later established diplomatic ties that joined their two nations together as allies for almost 30 years.
The crisis was the culmination of growing tension between the United States and Cuba following the Cuban Revolution of 1959. The revolution ousted Cuba’s dictator, Fulgencio Batista and brought to power a government headed by Cuban revolutionary leader Fidel Castro.
Prior to the revolution, the United States had had significant influence in Cuba’s economic and political affairs, but the Castro government refused to be influenced by the United States. Castro also caused concern in the United States when he confiscated property belonging to wealthy Cubans and foreigners in an attempt to implement policies to improve conditions for poor and working-class Cubans. Many of these properties belonged to businesses owned by U.S. companies.
Fearing that Castro would establish a Communist regime in Cuba, the United States applied economic pressure, and in 1960 implemented an embargo that cut off trade between the United States and Cuba. Castro refused to give in to the pressure. He responded by establishing closer relations with the Communist government of the USSR. At the time, the USSR and the United States were engaged in the Cold War—an economic, military, and diplomatic struggle between Communist and capitalist nations.
In an effort to topple Castro’s government, the United States trained and armed anti-Castro Cuban exiles living in the United States. The exiles invaded Cuba in 1961, with a landing at the Bay of Pigs. Castro’s army easily defeated the exiles. His victory during the Bay of Pigs Invasion solidified Castro’s control over Cuba. Most Cubans resented U.S. intervention in Cuban affairs and they rallied behind Castro, who declared that Cuba was a Communist nation.
On October 28 the tension began to subside. In a worldwide radio broadcast Khrushchev said he would remove “offensive” weapons from Cuba in return for a U.S. pledge not to invade. He also called for United Nations (UN) inspectors to verify the process. Kennedy believed Khrushchev was sincere, but many of Kennedy’s advisers remained wary of the Soviets' intentions.
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