第1个回答 2011-04-05
您好，
If 条件状语从句(虚拟语气Ⅰ)
if引导的真实条件状语从句，if所在句通常用一般现在时表将来。
可是练习中有一题也出现了非真实条件句，所以有必要提一下虚拟语气。
1）概念
虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。
2）在条件句中的应用
条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。
1.真实条件句
真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中 if 是如果的意思。
时态关系
句型：条件从句 主句
一般现在时shall/will+ 动词原形
If he comes,he will bring his violin.
典型例题
Thevolleyball match will be put off if it ___.
A.
will rain
B. rains
C. rained
D. is rained
答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。
注意：
1） 在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，该用shall, will.
(错) If you leave now, you are nevergoing to regret it.
(对) If you leave now, you will neverregret it.
2） 表示真理时，主句谓语动词便不用shall (will) +动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。
2.非真实条件句
1）时态：可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。
a.
同现在事实相反的假设。
句型 ：条件从句 主句
一般过去时 should(would) +动词原形
If theywere here, they would help you.
b.
表示于过去事实相反的假设。
句型： 条件从句 主句
过去完成时 should(would)have+ 过去分词
If she hadworked harder, she would have succeeded.
The ricewould not have been burnt if you had been more careful.
If mylawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going.
If he hadcome yesterday, I should / would have told him about it.
含义：He didnot come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it.
If he hadnot been ill and missed many classes, he would have made greater progress.
含义： He wasill and missed many lessons, so he did not make greater progress.
c.表示对将来的假想
句型： 条件从句 主句
一般过去时 should+动词原形
were+ 不定式 would + 动词原形
should+ 动词原形
If yousucceeded, everything would be all right.
If youshould succeed, everything would be all right.
If you wereto succeed, everything would be all right.
3.混合条件句
主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主，从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。
If you hadasked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.
（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。）
If it hadrained last night (过去), it would be very cold today (现在).
4.虚拟条件句的倒装
虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略，再把were, should或had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。
Were theyhere now, they could help us.
=If theywere here now, they could help us.
Had youcome earlier, you would have met him
=If you hadcome earlier, you would have met him.
Should itrain, the crops would be saved.
=Were it torain, the crops would be saved.
注意：
在虚拟语气的从句中，动词'be'的过去时态一律用"were"，不用was，即在从句中be用were代替。
If I wereyou, I would go to look for him.
如果我是你，就会去找他。
If he werehere, everything would be all right.
如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。
典型例题
_____ to dothe work, I should do it some other day.
A. If wereIB. I were
C. Were I
D. Was I
答案C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were,should, had这三个词，通常将if省略，主语提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do., 而不能说 Weren't I to do.
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