11 Translation is a rendering from one language into another,i.e.the faithful representation in one language of what is written of said in another language.
12 è¯å
ç¿»è¯(intra-lingual ) è¯é
ç¿»è¯ (inter-lingual ) 符é
ç¿»è¯ (inter-semiotic )
translation can be dived into intra-lingual translation,inter-lingual translation , inter-semiotic translation
13 Yan Fu's Faithfulness, Expressiveness and Elegance.
"Form" "Spirit"
consummating theory
14 cognitive,conceptual, designative meaning
15 Sino-Tibetan languages Indo-European languages
16 English is a hypotactic language and Chinese is a paratactic language
17 diction, amplificationï¼omissionï¼conversion, repetition, inversion conversion, division and combination.
Introduction to the 8 commonly-used techniques
1) repetition(éå¤æ³ éå¤æ³) éå¤æ³
2) amplification(å¢è¯æ³ ) å¢è¯æ³
3) omission(/çè¯æ³ åè¯æ³ ) çè¯æ³/åè¯æ³ çè¯æ³
4) conversion(è¯ç±»è½¬ç§»æ³ ) è¯ç±»è½¬ç§»æ³
5) inversion (è¯åºè°æ´æ³ è¯åºè°æ´æ³) è¯åºè°æ´æ³
6) division(åè¯æ³ åè¯æ³) åè¯æ³
7) negation(æ£è¯´åè¯ å说æ£è¯æ³ æ£è¯´åè¯, æ£è¯´åè¯ å说æ£è¯æ³)
8). the change of the voices(è¯æåæ¢æ³)
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