虚拟语气的用法归纳如下:
一、语气概述
时态语态一样,语气也是谓语动词的一种形式,它表明说话者的目的和意图。英语中有三种语气:陈述语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气。(有的语法书说语气有四种,即还包括疑问语气)。
eg:
He doesn’t see very well in his right eye.他右眼视力不太好。(陈述语气)
Have they ever been to Australia ?他们去过澳大利亚没有?(疑问语气)
Please read through the instruction in advance.请先通读说明书。(祈使语气)
二、虚拟语气概述
在英语中,由于说话人的意图不同,动词需用不同的形式,称为语气。虚拟语气是指说话人表示一种假设的情况,一种愿望,怀疑,推测,请求等,即认为动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实。虚拟语气可用于状语从句,名词性从句,定语从句及其他结构中。
三、虚拟语气的定义
如果一件事不是真实的,而是虚拟的,就在这个动词身上加一个did。
四、非真实条件句中的虚拟语气
eg:
If I were you ,I would reconsider their advice.
如果我是你的话,我会重新考虑他们的意见。(与现在事实相反)
You would not have caught a cold if you had put on more clothes.
如果你多穿了些衣服,你就不会得感冒了。(与过去事实相反)
If I were to/should do it ,I would do it in different way.
如果我做这件事,我将用不同的方法做。(与将来事实相反)
注意:在非正式文体中,如果If条件句中有助动词were/should/had可将其提于主语之前(位于句首),再把If省掉,即形成部分倒装。
当主从句所表示的时间不一致时,主从句按各自的时间采用相应的谓语形式。
常见的有:
If I were you ... = Were I you ... 如果我是你/我要是你......
If it were not for ... = Were it not for ... 如果要不是......
If it had not been for ...=Had it not been for ... 如果当时要不是......
(主句用:should/could/would/might+have done的形式,ps.在此结构中,had为助动词。若为谓语动词,则不能省略、倒装。)