Rigid Beam . The simplest way — and probably the first used — is to lay a rigid beam across the stream so that its two ends rest on opposite banks . The rigid beam in this type of bridge may be a shaped wooden beam , a girder of steel or concrete , or even a complex truss . The span of a rigid type of bridge can be increased by building intermediate piers and bridging the gaps between the piers with several beams. The materials used for rigid beams must be able to withstand both compression and tension . The double requirement stems from the fact that when a load is placed on a rigid beam , the beam bends —in spite of its name . As a result of bending the upper part of the beam is compressed and the lower half is stretched . If its compressive strength is too low , it will buckle ;if its tensile strength is too low , it will break.
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