C能发生银镜反应,说明C中含有-CHO,1molD与足量碳酸氢钠溶液反应可产生二氧化碳2mol,说明D分子中含有2个-COOH,根据转化关系可知,B在Cu、氧气条件下氧化生成C,C继续氧化生成D,B只含有一种官能团,故B为二元醇、C为二元醛、D为二元羧酸,令B的组成为C
xH
yO
2,则12x+y+32=76,即12x+y=44,故x=3,y=8,符合题意,B为C
3H
8O
2,C为C
3H
4O
2,D为C
3H
4O
4,A不含甲基,由转化可知,B、C、D中不含甲基,故B为HOCH
2CH
2CH
2OH,C为为OHCCH
2CHO,D为HOOCCH
2COOH,F经过反应⑤生成G,由反应信息可知,F为二元酸完全酯化形成的酯,E为醇,E的相对分子质量为:
(160+18×2-104)=46,故E为CH
3CH
2OH,F为CH
2C(COOCH
2CH
3)
2,F发生信息中的反应生成五元化合物G,G为
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/71cf3bc79f3df8dc11064520ce11728b4710284c?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
,A的相对分子质量是139,发生水解反应生成HOCH
2CH
2CH
2OH,A中含有卤原子,A能与金属钠反应生成氢气,由B的结构可知,A分子中含有1个-OH,由A生成B时卤原子水解引入1个-OH,相对分子质量减小139-76=63,故卤原子的相对原子质量为63+17=80,为溴原子,故A为BrCH
2CH
2CH
2OH,
(1)由上述分析可知,C为OHCCH
2CHO,含有醛基,D为HOOCCH
2COOH,含有羧基,
故答案为:醛基;羧基;
(2)反应①是为BrCH
2CH
2CH
2OH水解生成HOCH
2CH
2CH
2OH,属于取代反应,
反应②是HOCH
2CH
2CH
2OH发生氧化反应生成OHCCH
2CHO,
反应③是OHCCH
2CHO发生氧化反应生成HOOCCH
2COOH,
反应④是HOOCCH
2COOH与乙醇发生酯化反应生成CH
2C(COOCH
2CH
3)
2,属于取代反应;
反应⑤是CH
2C(COOCH
2CH
3)
2发生取代反应生成环状化合物
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/71cf3bc79f3df8dc11064520ce11728b4710284c?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
,
故答案为:①④⑤;
(3)由上述分析可知,A是BrCH
2CH
2CH
2OH,E是CH
3CH
2OH,G是
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/71cf3bc79f3df8dc11064520ce11728b4710284c?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
,
故答案为:BrCH
2CH
2CH
2OH;CH
3CH
2OH;
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/71cf3bc79f3df8dc11064520ce11728b4710284c?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
;
(4)反应②是HOCH
2CH
2CH
2OH发生氧化反应生成OHCCH
2CHO,反应方程式为:
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/d53f8794a4c27d1e021df17518d5ad6eddc4384c?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
,
反应④是HOOCCH
2COOH与乙醇发生酯化反应生成CH
2C(COOCH
2CH
3)
2,反应方程式为:
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/d1a20cf431adcbef04f8b5b7afaf2edda2cc9fb7?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
,
故答案为:
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/d53f8794a4c27d1e021df17518d5ad6eddc4384c?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
;
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/d1a20cf431adcbef04f8b5b7afaf2edda2cc9fb7?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
.