用主动语态表被动含义的情况有哪些?(希望能具体而完整些,谢谢)

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用主动语态表被动含义的情况有哪些?(希望能具体而完整些,谢谢)
1. 不及物动词:某些不及物动词如rise、happen、succeed、remain、lie、disappear、last、take place、break out、belong to等,没有被动语态。例如:
- Great changes have taken place here since 1990.(自1990年以来这里发生了巨大的变化。)
- After the fire, nothing remained.(那场大火之后,什么也没留下来了。)
2. 系动词:表示事物特性的时候,如look、sound、smell、taste、feel等,用主动语态形式表示被动意义。例如:
- This kind of cloth feels very soft.(这种布手感很软。)
- The music sounds beautiful.(这音乐听起来很美。)
- The meat tastes terrible.(这肉尝起来很糟糕。)
3. 表示“需要、要求”的动词:如need、want、require、deserve等后的动名词,用主动语态形式表示被动意义。例如:
- The bike needs repairing = The bike needs to be repaired.(这自行车需要修理。)
- The story requires reading carefully = The story requires to be read carefully.(这个故事需要仔细阅读。)
4. 形容词worth:其后接的动名词用主动语态形式表示被动意义。例如:
- The book is well worth reading = The book is quite worthy of being read./ The book is worthy to be read.(这本书很值得一读。)
- The clock isn’t worth repairing.(这个钟不值得修理。)
5. 作表语的形容词:如difficult、easy、hard、nice、possible、impossible等,后接的不定式作状语时,用主动语态形式表示被动意义。例如:
- Is English difficult to learn?(英语难学吗?)
- The maths problem is not easy to work out.(这个数学问题不容易解决。)
- I think apples are nice to eat.(我认为苹果很好吃。)
6. 某些动词:如lock、open、sell、wash等,特别是与副词badly、easily、well等连用时,用主动语态形式表示被动意义。例如:
- The door won’t lock.(这门锁不上。)
- This kind of colour TV sells well.(这种彩色电视卖得很好。)
- Does the cloth wash well?(这布耐洗吗?)
7. 不定式作定语:与被修饰动词的名词或代词构成被动关系,表示被动意义。例如:
- I have lots of homework to do today.(今天我有许多家庭作业要做。)
- I want to get something to drink.(我想弄点喝的。)
- Would you like something to eat?(你想要点吃的吗?)
- With much homework to do, I can’t go out with you.(有这么多作业要做,我不能和你出去。)
注意比较下面两句:
- I’m busy today. I have a lot of clothes to wash.(我今天很忙。我有很多衣服要洗。)
- “Tom, I’ll do some washing. Do you have anything to be washed?” said Mom.(汤姆,我会洗一些衣服。你有什么要洗的吗?)妈妈说。
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