定语从句知识

什么是:关系代词,关系副词,分别怎么用啊?

如何判断关系代词与关系副词

方法一:用关系代词还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如:

This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.

I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.

判断改错:

1.This is the mountain village where I visited last year.

2.I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.

[答案]
以上两句都是错误的,应改为:

This is the mountain village(which) I visited last year.

I'll never forget the days(which) I spent in the countryside.

习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。

方法二:准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例:

1.Is this museum ________ you visited a few days ago?

A.where B.that

C.on which D.the one

2.Is this the museum ________ the exhibition was held?

A.where B.that

C.on which D.the one

答案:例1 D;例2 A

例1变为肯定句:This museum is ________ you visited a few days ago.

例2变为肯定句:This is the museum _________ the exhibition was held.

在句1中,所缺部分为宾语,而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用,只有the one既作了主句的表语,又可作从句的宾语,可以省略关系代词,所以应选D。

在句2中,主、谓、宾俱全,从句部分缺句子的状语,表地点,既可用副词where,又因in the museum词组可用介词in+which引导地点状语。而此题中,介词on用的不对,所以选A。

关系词的选择依据在从句中所作的成分,先行词在从句中作主、定、宾语时,选择关系代词(who, whom, that, which, whose);先行词在从句中做状语时,应选择关系副词(where地点状语,when时间状语,why原因状语)。
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第1个回答  2009-01-02
简单地说,定语从句必须有被修饰的成分,即先行词,必须有引导定语从句的词,叫引导词,引导词分两种:关系代词,关系副词,如:

This is the house that Jack built.

句中the house 是先行词,that 为引导词。在这里,引导词that为关系代词。关系代词就是引导词在定语从句中起的是代词的作用,常见的有5个:that,which, who, whom, whose

还有一种引导词,先看例句:

This is the house where Jack was born.

句中the house 是先行词,where 为引导词。在这里,引导词where为关系副词。关系副词就是引导词在定语从句中起的是副词的作用,共有三个个:where, when, why 分别修饰表示地点、时间、原因的先行词。

那么,怎样分别用呢?很简单,就是看关系词引导的定语从句中是否缺少主语、定语或宾语,如果缺少,就用关系代词来充当,否则,就用关系副词。 如上面的第一句,从句中缺宾语,用关系代词that 充当,上述第二句中,从句不缺宾语,就用where 就可以了。

基本上就这些,请仔细体会。祝学习进步!
第2个回答  2009-01-02
书上不是都有吗?
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