é ¸æ§ç强弱å¯ä»¥å½ç»äºç»åæéæ¾è´¨åè½åç强弱ã
æ°§ççµè´æ§å¤§äºç¢³ï¼
ç¢³é ¸æ°¢æ ¹ä¸çä¸å¿ç¢³ååä¸ä¸ä¸ªæ°§ååç¸è¿ï¼éé ¸æ ¹ä¸çä¸å¿ç¢³ååä¸2个氧ååå1个碳ååç¸è¿ï¼å æ¤ï¼ç¢³é ¸æ°¢æ ¹ç»åè´¨åè½åæ´å¼ºï¼ç¸åºçé ¸æ§å°±å¼±ã
å ·ä½è¯¦ç»è§å¾å¦ä¸ï¼
æ æºé ¸å¼ºåº¦ååè§å¾
1.å½±åæ æºé ¸å¼ºåº¦çç´æ¥å ç´
å¨åºç¡åå¦ä¸ææ¥è§¦çæ æºé ¸å¤§è´æ两ç§ï¼ä¸ç§æ¯ä¸å¿ååä¸è´¨åç´æ¥ç¸è¿çæ°¢åç©ï¼X-Hï¼ï¼å¦ä¸ç§æ¯ä¸å¿ååä¸æ°§ååç´æ¥ç¸è¿çå«æ°§é ¸ãè¿ä¸¤ç§é ¸å¼ºåº¦ç大å°æå³çéæ¾è´¨åçé¾æç¨åº¦ã
å½±åé ¸å¼ºåº¦å¤§å°çå ç´ å¾å¤ï¼ä½æ¯ï¼å½æ ¹ç»åºï¼ååºå¨ä¸è´¨åç´æ¥ç¸è¿çåå对å®çæç¼åç强弱ãè¿ç§æç¼åç强弱åä¸è¯¥ååççµåå¯åº¦å¤§å°æçç´æ¥çå ³ç³»ã
çµåå¯åº¦æ¯å½å¤æ æºåå¦æç§ä¹¦ä¸ç»å¸¸å¼ç¨çæ¦å¿µï¼ç®ååªæå®æ§çå«ä¹ï¼å®ç大å°ä¸ååæ带è´çµè·æ°ãåååå¾ï¼æè ä½ç§¯æå ³ï¼ãå æ¤ï¼å¯ä»¥è¯´ä¸è´¨åç´æ¥ç¸è¿çååççµåå¯åº¦ï¼æ¯å³å®æ æºé ¸å¼ºåº¦çç´æ¥å ç´ ãè¿ä¸ªååççµåå¯åº¦è¶ä½ï¼å®å¯¹è´¨åçå¼åè¶å¼±ï¼å èé ¸æ§å°±è¶é«ï¼åä¹äº¦ç¶ã
2.æ°¢åç©é ¸æ§å¼ºåº¦çè§å¾
æ 论åä¸å¨æè¿æ¯åä¸ä¸»æï¼æ°¢åç©çé ¸æ§é½æ¯éçåååºæ°å¢å èå¢å¼ºçãè¿ä¸è§å¾å¯ä»¥ä»ç©è´¨çç»æè§ç¹æ¥è§£éã
å¨åä¸å¨æçæ°¢åç©ä¸ï¼éçåååºæ°å¢å¤§ï¼ååæ带è´çµè·åå°ï¼å ¶çµåå¯åº¦åå°ï¼ä½æ¯ï¼åååå¾ä¹å¨åå°ï¼å ¶çµåå¯åº¦åèå¢å¤§ãæ们说ï¼å¨è¿ä¸¤ç§ç¸äºçç¾çå ç´ ä¸ï¼è´çµè·æ°çå½±åå æ®ä¸»å¯¼å°ä½ï¼å ¶çµåå¯åº¦æ¯åå°çãå èï¼å¨åä¸å¨æä¸ï¼éçåååºæ°å¢å¤§ï¼æ°¢åç©é ¸æ§éæ¸å¢å¼ºã
å¨åä¸ä¸»æçæ°¢åç©ä¸ï¼éçåååºæ°å¢å¤§ï¼ååæ带è´çµè·æ°ä¸æ ·ï¼èåååå¾æ¯éæ¸å¢å¤§çï¼å ¶çµåå¯åº¦æ¯éæ¸åå°çï¼å èï¼å ¶æ°¢åç©çé ¸æ§æ¯éæ¸å¢å¼ºçã
3.å«æ°§é ¸é ¸æ§å¼ºåº¦çè§å¾
å«æ°§é ¸ç强度æ¯ç±ä¸å¿ååççµè´æ§ãåååå¾åæ°§åæ°çå ç´ å³å®çãè¿äºå ç´ å¯¹äºé ¸æ§å¼ºåº¦çå½±åï¼æ¯éè¿ä»ä»¬å¯¹X-O-Hé®ä¸æ°§ååççµåå¯åº¦çå½±åæ¥å®ç°çã
å½ä¸å¿ååççµè´æ§è¾å¤§ãåå¾è¾å°ãæ°§åæ°è¾é«æ¶ï¼åäºå¤ºä¸ä¹ç¸è¿çæ°§ååä¸ççµåè½åå¢å¼ºï¼ææéä½æ°§ååççµåå¯åº¦ï¼ä½¿O-Hé®åå¼±ï¼å®¹æéæ¾åºè´¨åï¼è表ç°åºè¾å¼ºçé ¸æ§ã
å¨åä¸å¨æãåç§ç±»åçå«æ°§é ¸ä¸ï¼å¦å¨ä¸ï¼ï¼éçåååºæ°å¢å ï¼ä¸å¿ååçµè´æ§å¢å ï¼çµåååæ°§ååçç¨åº¦éæ¸åå¼±ï¼åååå¾åå°ï¼è¿ä¸æ¥ç导è´çµåååæ°§ååçç¨åº¦éæ¸åå¼±ï¼åæ¶ï¼ååæ°§åæ°åé«ï¼å¢å 对质åçææ¥åã以ä¸ä¸ç§å ç´ å ±å导è´åå¨æãåç§ç±»åçå«æ°§é ¸çé ¸æ§éçåååºæ°å¢å èå¢å¼ºã
å¨åä¸ä¸»æãåä¸ç±»åçå«æ°§é ¸ä¸ï¼å¦å¨ä¸ï¼ï¼éçåååºæ°å¢å ï¼ååæ°§åæ°ååå¾æ¯ä¸åçï¼åªæçµè´æ§åå°ï¼çµåååæ°§ååçç¨åº¦å¢å¼ºï¼å¯¼è´å«æ°§é ¸çé ¸æ§æ¯åå¼±çã
åä¸å ç´ ä¸åæ°§åæ°çå«æ°§é ¸ä¸ï¼éçä¸å¿ååæ°§åæ°å¢å ï¼ä¸ä¹ç¸è¿çæ°§ååä¹å¨å¢å ï¼è¿ä¸æ¥æé«ä¸å¿ååçæ£çµè·ï¼åè¿æ¥ï¼å¯¹æ°§ååå¤å±çµåå¸å¼åå¢å¼ºï¼æ¯ä¸ªæ°§ååçµåå¯åº¦ç¸åºéä½ï¼å èé ¸æ§å°±è¶å¼ºã
ç±äºæ æºé ¸ç强度æ¯ä¸ä¸ªå¾å¤æçé®é¢ï¼ä»¥ä¸åªæ¯ç®åçæ¹æ³è§£å³å¤æé®é¢çå°è¯ï¼ä»ç©è´¨çç»æä¸ç»æåºåï¼å®æ§è¯´æé ¸æ§å¼ºå¼±çé®é¢ã
åè书ç±ï¼
ãæ æºåå¦ã第ä¸çä¸å æ¦æ±å¤§å¦ãåæ大å¦çæ ¡ç¼ æ¹é¡ç« å®å¤©ä½ çæä¹ ä¿®è®¢
é«çæè²åºç社