书面英语中的名词化的用法（nominalisation）

Question

一定要解释的非常清楚！！！谢谢！！！

Answer 1

Nominalization 是把一个以动词、 形容词或副词作为名词或名词短语的开头的语言转型方法。

有些语言只允许把动词用作名词，而其他语言需要某种形式的转型。
英语用几种不同方法。
下面举几个例子：

1. 形容词转型

applicability (from applicable)
carelessness (from careless)
difficulty (from difficult)

2. 动词转型

failure (from fail)
nominalization (from nominalize)
investigation (from investigate)
movement (from move)
reaction (from react)
refusal (from refuse)

3. + ing

swimming (from swim)
running (from run)
editing (from edit)

希望对你有帮助。

Answer 2

When we choose to give the main information in a clause as a noun phrase rather than as a verb this is called Nominalisation.

1.Nominalisation in written English
In spoken English we usually use a subject + verb to describe an event .

In formal Written Language we use language that is less personal , so we often use a noun form instead of a verb . The written scientific account describes the same reaction like this :
Following a bee sting the normal reaction is redness , irritation and itching.

In the spoken example the events are expressed by verbs (go red ). In the written examples the events have been changed into nouns (redness) . Notice that the only verb in written examples is the none action verb be.

We can also change some adjectives to nouns. Compare:
The cathedral is tall and can be seen from all over the town.
The cathedral's height makes it visible all over the town.

The common differences between spoken and written English are :
A.Spoken:
action or events are expressed as verbs;
events happen to people or are carried out by people ;
personal pronouns are used as subjects;
verbs are often action or event verbs;
B.Written:
actions or events may be expressed as nouns or noun phrases;
events are expressed impersonally;
nouns used as subjects;
verbs are often not action or event verbs ;
sentences have a lot of vocabulary words;

2.Reasons for using Nominalisation
Make texts impersonal and authoritative
By turning actions into nouns we make the text sound less personal and more authoritative.We don't use personal pronouns as much .Compare :
Following a bee sting the normal reaction is burning pain ,redness , irritation and itching . In this situation there may be swelling in the area around the bite .
Then really quickly my foot began to go red and swell up . It just got bigger and bigger .It itched a bit too . I was really surprised by how much it hurts .

ADDING INFORMATION:
Nominalisation is particularly useful for Academic Written Task 1 because we can do several things to add information to nouns in English:
count : the two charts;
describe: the two coloured charts ;
classify: the two coloured bar charts;
We can not do the same with verbs. It is only by changing verbs into nouns that we can add information words to a text in such a concise way .

Avoiding repetition:
We can use nominalisation to avoid repetition when we want to refer back to a previously mentioned idea.
Nominalisation can also be used to paraphrase what has been said. In IELTS listening and reading tests different words are used in the texts and the questions .