hurt, injure, harm, wound
hurt, injure, harm 和 wound 都有"伤"的意思,但各自的含义和用法不同。
①hurt普通用语,既可指肉体上的伤害,也可指精神上、感情上的伤害。如:
The driver hurt himself badly in the accident. 那位司机在这次事故中伤得很重。
She hurt her leg when she fell.她跌倒时,一条腿受了伤。
He felt hurt at your words.你的话使他很难过。
注意:指肉体上的伤害时,hurt可与badly, slightly, seriously等连用;但若指精神上的创伤,只能说very much/rather/deeply hurt。
②injure比hurt正式,hurt 多指伤痛。而injure则指损害健康、成就、容貌等,强调功能的损失。如:
A bullet injured his left eye. 一颗子弹伤了他的左眼。
Drinking can injure one's health. 喝酒对人的健康有害。
I hope I didn't injure her feelings.我希望没有伤害她的感情。
③harm用于肉体或精神上的伤害均可,有时可指引起不安或不便。还可用于抽象事物,尤其是指不道德的事情。如:
Don't harm your eyes by reading in dim light. 不要在昏暗的灯光下看书,以免损害眼睛。
I have never harmed anybody.我从未伤害过任何人。
There was a fire in our street, but no one was harmed. 我们街里曾发生过火灾,但没人受伤。
④wound 指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤,是出血的、严重的伤,特指战场上的受伤。它可以指肉体上的伤害。也可比喻指人们精神上的创伤。如:
The bullet wounded his arm. 子弹打伤了他的一只胳膊。
The robber wounded him with a knife.那个强盗用刀刺伤了他。
You have wounded his pride.你伤害了他的自尊心。
PS:
1)destroy毁灭,消灭,指通过某种有力的或粗暴的手段使之毁灭或无用,一般不能或很难修复,有时可用于比喻意义。
如: The earthquake destroyed the whole city.地震毁了整座城市。
All his hopes were destroyed by her letter of refusal. 他所有的希望都被她的拒绝信毁了。
2)damage伤害,损害,主要指对价值和功能的破坏,多用于无生命的东西,一般还可修复。damage或destroy所表示的破坏,是指对房屋或车辆等的损坏。有时该词也用于借喻.
Her heart was slightly damaged as a result Of the disease.由于生病,她的心脏轻微受损。
They managed to repair the houses that had been damaged.他们设法修复了受到破坏的房屋。 What they said and did damaged the relations between the two countries.他们的言行损害了这两个国家之间的关系.
3) ruin 多用于借喻之中,经常指把某物损坏到了不能再使用的程度.表示“使……破产;糟蹋掉”的意思。
The rain will ruin the crops. 这雨会把庄稼毁掉的.
I was ruined by that law case; I'm a ruined man. 我被那场官司毁了,我破产了.
He ruined himself by taking drugs. 他吸食毒品把自己给毁了。
望采纳哦
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