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Question

青霉素是青霉菌在发酵代谢过程中产生的次级代谢产物。青霉素生产菌种是决定生产能力的内在因素，而发酵过程中的工艺调节控制、设备结构、动力条件、原材料质量等则是菌种赖以生长、代谢、生物合成的环境条件。纵观国内外情况，为提高青霉素发酵水平，降低消耗和制造成本，都是在“选育高产菌株、改革工艺、优化设备、动力条件”等方面开展试验、研究工作，以谋求高产，高效益。因此在国家制定的“八五”公关项目中，确定要解决的主要技术难题也是：1.选育青霉素高产菌株；2 青霉素高产工艺研究；3 发酵新型搅拌研制。我们项目组围绕这三个方面开展了技术公关。在菌种选育中，我们我们曾做过原生质体融合试验，采用过杂交育种方法，但根据我们所具有人力，物力条件，主要还是采用诱变育种与自然分离相结合的方法。首先，我们对诱变剂进行了筛选考察，采用对青霉菌比较有效的物化复合处理因子；其次根据生产条件改变筛选条件，以保证筛选的菌种易于推广用于生产。通过多处理，大量筛选并应用数理统计方法科学分析试验结果，从而获得了18-26-93高产突变株。不仅生产能力比原株提高46.81%。而且发酵液流变性质、基质利用等均优于原菌株（发酵液粘度降低，基质利用率提高）。
在工艺研究中，运用数理统计方法，以单位时间效价的变化为因变量，其他参数为自变量，对大量的生产和试验数据做相关分析。我们认识到适宜的工艺调控是充分发挥菌种内在潜力的重要手段。青霉发酵过程是一个复杂的多因素控制工程。其中pH是菌种代谢中多因素的综合反映，而糖平衡是工艺控制的主要控制因素，而且我们认识到菌种在不同的设备或供氧状态下应有相适应的工艺与之匹配才能充分表现其潜力。我们建立了一套“灵活实用的工艺模式”，针对变化的情况采用适宜的控制手段，以动态的工艺调控管理保证生产水平稳步提高。青霉菌是好氧菌，其生长代谢、合成青霉素均需有充分的氧供给。为在现有空气供给条件下及限定的搅拌功率下提高溶氧水平，可以通过优化改进搅拌系统达此目的。我们运用力学、流体力学等，从现有分析情况入手，以改进气体分散状态液体混合、气泡运动形式达到提高供氧能力的目标。通过分析和现场试验，针对径向流和轴向流搅拌，各自的优缺点取长补短，自行设计出轴、径流搅拌相结合并配以自行设计的大高度多齿片式空气导向翼的组合式搅拌系统。此种搅拌全釜混合效果好，在搅拌电流略低、空气流量不增的情况下，提高了溶氧水平。

Answer 1

Penicillin was QingMeiJun in fermentation metabolic process of secondary metabolites. Penicillin production is to determine the production capacity of strains, and internal factors in the process of fermentation process adjustment control, equipment structure, dynamic conditions, such as quality of raw material, which is the growth of bacteria, biosynthesis of environmental conditions. Both at home and abroad, to improve the general level of penicillin fermentation, reduce the consumption and manufacturing cost, it is to be in "breeding high strain and reform process, equipment and dynamic conditions", etc in test, research, seeking high yield, high. Therefore in the eighth five-year plan for national public projects, to solve the key technical problems are: 1) high strain breeding penicillin, 2 penicillin high technology research, Three new developed. Stir fermentation, Our team around the three aspects of the technology in public. In the us, including breeding in protoplast fusion had done the experiment, cross breeding methods, but according to what we have human, material conditions, main or mutation breeding and natural separation method combining. First, we examine the mutagen screening for more effective, QingMeiJun chemical compound processing factors, Secondly according to production conditions change, in order to ensure the filter is used to produce the strains of promotion. Through more than a screening and treatment, the application of mathematical statistic method, the scientific analysis of the test results obtained 18-26-93 high-yield mutations. Not only the original plant production capacity 46.81% increase. And the result of rheological properties, matrix are superior to the strains (fermented liquid viscosity, matrix increased).
In the process of research, the mathematical statistical method, with the unit price for the change of time validity, other parameters for the independent variables, the production of large and test data analysis. We recognize the appropriate process control is fully exert important means of inner potential strains. Green is a complicated mould fermentation process of many factors control engineering. Which is more strains in the metabolism of pH and the comprehensive reflection of factors, the balance of sugar is main control factors, process control, and we know that in different strains of equipment or oxygen condition should be adapted to the process and to show the potential. We have established a set of "flexible" mode, the practical process of change in the appropriate means of control, the dynamic process control to ensure the production management level of improving steadily. QingMeiJun aerobic bacteria, it is growing metabolism, synthesis of penicillin are required to have sufficient oxygen supply. For in the existing air supply under the condition of limited and mixing power under improve dissolved oxygen levels, can be improved by optimizing the purpose of mixing system. We use mechanics, fluid mechanics, from the current situation analysis, to improve gas bubbles, decentralized state liquid oxygen forms of exercise to improve the ability to target. Through the analysis and field tests, radial flow and axial flow from mixing, the advantages and disadvantages of the shaft, design, runoff and mixing combination of big height more air orientation wing of the tooth chip mixing system combined. Such a stir the mixture kettle, good effect, the current slightly lower, the air flow is not the circumstance, improve dissolved oxygen levels.

Answer 2

Looking at the situation at home and abroad, to enhance the level of penicillin fermentation, reducing consumption and manufacturing costs are in the "breeding high-yield strains, the reform process, optimizing the equipment, power conditions", etc. to carry out experiments, research work, in order to seek high-yield, high-efficiency . Therefore, in countries of "85" public relations project, sure you want to solve the main technical problems is: 1. Breeding high-yielding strains of penicillin; 2 penicillin high technology research; 3 fermentation stirring new development.

Penicillin is Penicillium metabolism in the fermentation process of secondary metabolites. Penicillin production capacity of bacteria is to determine the internal factors, while the fermentation process in the process of adjustment control, equipment structure, power conditions, the quality of raw materials which is the growth of bacteria, metabolism, biosynthesis of the environmental conditions.First of all, we conducted a mutagen screening study, the more effective of Penicillium to deal with the physico-chemical complex factor; followed by screening in accordance with changes in the conditions of production conditions to ensure that the selection of strains used in the production of easy to promote.We focus on the project team carried out the three aspects of technology public relations. In strain selection, we have done our protoplast fusion experiments, cross breeding methods used, but we have the manpower, material conditions, mainly the use of mutation breeding and the natural method of combining the separation.Through a multi-processing, a large number of screening and the application of statistical methods of mathematical analysis of scientific test results, which received high-yielding mutant 18-26-93. Not only to increase production capacity than the original strain of 46.81%. And broth rheology, substrate use, etc. is better than the original strain (lower viscosity in fermentation broth, raise the utilization rate matrix).
PH is a bacteria which metabolic factors in more than a reflection of the balance of sugar is the main control process control factors, and we recognize the bacteria at different oxygen equipment or a state of the technology should be adapted to be fully matched the performance of its potential.
In the process, the use of methods of mathematical statistics to titer unit time changes as the dependent variable, other parameters as variables, a large number of production and test data so analyzed. We recognize that the appropriate process control is the inherent potential of strains to give full play an important means. Penicillium fermentation process is a complex multi-factor control engineering.Air supply in the existing conditions and limit the power of mixing to improve dissolved oxygen levels, can improve by optimizing the mixing system to achieve this purpose. We use mechanics, fluid mechanics and so on, starting from the existing analysis of the situation in order to improve the dispersion of liquid gas mixture, the form of bubbles movement to achieve the goal to increase oxygen capacity.

We have established a "flexible and practical process model", in view of changes in the use of appropriate means of control, dynamic control of process management to ensure steady increase in production levels. Penicillium is the aerobic bacteria, the growth and metabolism, synthesis of penicillin must be sufficient oxygen supply.
Through the analysis and on-site testing, for radial flow and axial flow mixing, their respective advantages and disadvantages of each other, self-designed shaft, the combination of runoff and mixing with a high degree of self-designed major multi-tooth chip modular wing air-driven mixing system. Such mixing kettle full of mixed results, and slightly lower in the current agitation, air flow does not increase, the increased level of dissolved oxygen.

Answer 3

谁会帮你，底下的都是错的

Answer 4

这么专业的文章你至少应给200分，才会有人帮你