(1)由水杨酸的结构可知,分子中含有羧基、酚羟基,
故答案为:羧基、酚羟基;
(2)由A到水杨酸的转化条件及生成物可知,该转化为酯的水解反应,D与HCOOH是相对分子质量相同的不同类有机物,D为醇,故为CH
3CH
2OH,故A的结构简式为
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/1f178a82b9014a90b0edc80caa773912b21beeb4?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
,A的分子式为C
10H
10O
4,
由B到水杨酸的转化条件及生成物可知,该转化为酯的水解反应,E与D互为同系物,E为CH
3OH,故B的结构中含有乙酸酚酯结构,故B的结构简式为
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/8ad4b31c8701a18bd1389cfe9d2f07082938feb4?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
,
故答案为:C
10H
10O
4,
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/8ad4b31c8701a18bd1389cfe9d2f07082938feb4?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
;
(3)由(2)中分析可知C为CH
3COOH,与甲醇反应发生酯化反应生成乙酸甲酯,反应方程式为:
CH
3COOH+CH
3OH
CH
3COOCH
3+H
2O,
故答案为:CH
3COOH+CH
3OH
CH
3COOCH
3+H
2O,酯化反应;
(4)B为
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/8ad4b31c8701a18bd1389cfe9d2f07082938feb4?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
,1molB含有2mol酯基,其中1mol酯基为羧酸与醇形成,消耗1molNaOH,另外1mol酯基为羧酸与酚形成,消耗2molNaOH,故1molB最多消耗3molNaOH,
故答案为:3;
(5)水杨酸
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/4bed2e738bd4b31cd3f31a0a84d6277f9f2ff8b0?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
的同分异构体,与FeCl
3溶液发生显色反应,分子中含有酚羟基,苯环上的一溴取代物只有2种,苯环上含有2种H原子,结合水杨酸的结构可知,可以含有2个取代基,为对称位置,符合条件,可以含有2个-OH、1个-CHO,三个取代基处于间位或三个取代基相邻、且-CHO在中间,符合条件,故符合条件的同分异构体有:
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/58ee3d6d55fbb2fb3be4d6a34c4a20a44723dcb0?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
、
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/0823dd54564e925837dc085f9f82d158cdbf4e93?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
、
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/622762d0f703918fd01eb37b523d269758eec4b0?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
、
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/908fa0ec08fa513d5565e26f3e6d55fbb3fbd9b0?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
,
故答案为:
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/58ee3d6d55fbb2fb3be4d6a34c4a20a44723dcb0?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
、
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/0823dd54564e925837dc085f9f82d158cdbf4e93?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
等.