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两栖动物也是人们熟知的一类动物,是脊椎动物进化史上由水生向陆生的过渡类型,成体可适应陆地生活,但繁殖和幼体发育还离不开水。主要的特征是:体温不恒定;卵生,幼体在水中生活,经变态后成体可适应陆地生活,用肺呼吸,皮肤裸露而湿润,无鳞片,毛发等皮肤衍生物,粘液腺丰富,具有辅助呼吸功能。两栖类起源于距今约三亿多年前的泥盆纪。在漫长的演变过程中,鱼类从水到陆逐渐自我完善达到了质变并适应陆地新环境,因而形成了两栖动物,它们是最早的登陆四足动物。
全世界的两栖动物共有4000余种。根据它们的形态分为三大目。

蚓螈目(无足目)。主要特征是:体细长;没有四肢;尾短或无;形似蚯蚓。中国仅有1种,即版纳鱼螈。是我国蚓螈目的唯一代表。

有尾目。主要特征是:体圆筒形;有四肢,较短;终生有长尾而侧扁;爬行,多数种类以水栖生活为主,形似蜥蜴,如大鲵,俗称“娃娃鱼”,是现生体型最大的两栖动物。

无尾目。主要特征是:体短宽;有四肢,较长;幼体有尾,成体无尾,跳跃型活动,幼体为蝌蚪,从蝌蚪到成体的发育中需经变态过程,如蛙和蟾蜍。

两栖动物3个目的体形异,它们的防御、扩散、迁移的能力弱,对环境的依赖性大,虽然有各种生态保护适应,但比其它纲的脊椎动物种类仍然较少,其分布除海洋和大沙漠外,平原、丘陵、高山和高原等各种生境中都有它们的踪迹,最高分布海拔可达5000米左右。它们大多昼伏夜出,白天多隐蔽,黄昏至黎明时活动频繁,酷热或严寒时以夏蛰或冬眠方式度过。以动物性食物为主,没有防御敌害的能力,鱼、蛇、鸟、兽都是它们的天敌。

中国由于生物环境的多样性。现有两栖类动物302种。而云南由于特殊的地理和复杂多样的自然环境,具有十分丰富的两栖类物种,约100余种。占全国两栖类动物种数的40%。在后面动物多样性-两栖类仅介绍几种代表性的种类。人们通过认识两栖类物种的多样性。关注它们的生存状态,进一步保护人类这一朋友。

The amphibian animal is also a type of animal that people be familiar with, is vertebrates the top of the evolution history is living by the water to six living of transition type, become the body can adapt the land life, but breed to can not get away from a water with the body growth still.Main characteristic BE:Body temperature not the settle;Oviparous, the body is living in the water, becoming a body after abnormal condition can adapt the land life, using the lung breath, the skin bare but moist, have no scale, hair etc. the skin derivatives, glue the liquid gland abundant, have the assistance breath function.Amphibious type the mire basin that originate to be apart from now about more than 300,000,000 year agoses Ji.During the period of turning into endlessly, fish is perfect to come to a quality to change from water to six gradual egos and adapt the land new surrounding, as a result become amphibian animal, they are to land four foot animals at the earliest stage.
The amphibian animal of the whole world have 4000 remainings to grow totally.Is divided into three greatest eyeses according to their appearance.

The eyes of .(have no foot eyes)Main characteristic BE:The body is thin long;Have no arms and legs;The tail is short or have no;Likeness earthworm.China has only a kind of, namely the version fish .Being the our country purpose is unique representative.

There are the tail eyes.Main characteristic BE:The body is round;There is arms and legs, shorter;Have flat the long tail but side the whole life;Crawl along, most categories with the water stay a life is lord, the likeness lizard, such as big , be so called"the doll fish", it is now to living biggest amphibian animal of type of figure.

Have no tail eyes.Main characteristic BE:Body short breadth;There is arms and legs, longer;The body contain tail, becoming a body to have no tail, jumping up an activity, the body is a tadpole, needing from the tadpole go to growth of the body through abnormal process, such as the frog and the .

Amphibian animal 3 purpose figures is different, the ability of[with] their defense,proliferation,migration is weak, is big to the dependence of the environment, although have various ecosystem protection orientation, compare the vertebrates category of other key links still less, it distribute in addition to the ocean and big desert, the plain,mound,high mountain and plateau etc.s are various trace that living to all have them in the, tallest distribute elevation and can reach to 5000 meters or so.They mostly the night, much concealment in the daytime, the evening goes to the day dawn activity multifarious, extremely hot or strict and cold hour with the of the summer or hibernate a way to spend.Regard the animality food as principle, have no defense the enemy harm of ability, all of fish,snake,bird,monsterses are they of natural enemy.

China is diverse sex of the environment because of the living creature.Existing amphibious animal is 302.But Yunnan is diverse natural environments because of the special geography and complications, have very abundant of amphibious species, about 100 remainings grow.Have 40% that the national amphibious animal grows a number.At the behind animal diverse sex-the amphibious type introduces several categories that the kinds represent sex only.People pass diverse sex of know the amphibious species.Pay attention to their existence appearance, further protection mankind this friend
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第1个回答  2006-11-28
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