英语中介词用法

详细全面一点哦!

1、年月日--月日年

2003年2月1日 February 1st 2003.

2、日期中有几号的,前面用介词“on”,其余用“in”
in the spring of 1987
in 1999
in May
on May 5th

3、在具体某一天用介词on
on 用于日、周日或某日中的一段时间: on July 2 7月2日 on Sunday 在星期天 on the morning of last Sunday 上星期天早晨

in 一日中的早、下午、晚,周、季、年、世纪例如: in the afternoon 在下午 in a week 一周 in summer 在夏天

at 点钟;一日中的黎明、中午、黄昏、半夜; at six(dawn)6点钟(在黎明)如果时间词前面有next,this,last every等修饰语时,常不用介词。
介词用法知多少
介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一。同一个汉语词汇在英语中可译成不同的英语介词。例如汉语中的“用”可译成:(1)用英语(in English);(2)用小刀(with a knife);(3)用手工(by hand);(4)用墨水(in ink)等。所以,千万不要以为记住介词的一两种意思就掌握了这个介词的用法,其实介词的用法非常广泛,搭配能力很强,越是常用的介词,其含义越多。下面就简单介绍几组近义介词的用法及其搭配方法。
一. in, to, on和off在方位名词前的区别
1. in表示A地在B地范围之内。如:
Taiwan is in the southeast of China.
2. to表示A地在B地范围之外,即二者之间有距离间隔。如:
Japan lies to the east of China.
3. on表示A地与B地接壤、毗邻。如:
North Korea is on the east of China.
4. off表示“离……一些距离或离……不远的海上”。如:
They arrived at a house off the main road.
New Zealand lies off the eastern coast of Australia.

二. at, in, on, by和through在表示时间上的区别
1. at指时间表示:
(1)时间的一点、时刻等。如:
They came home at sunrise (at noon, at midnight, at ten o’clock, at daybreak, at dawn).
(2)较短暂的一段时间。可指某个节日或被认为是一年中标志大事的日子。如:
He went home at Christmas (at New Year, at the Spring Festival, at night).
2. in指时间表示:
(1)在某个较长的时间(如世纪、朝代、年、月、季节以及泛指的上午、下午或傍晚等)内。如:
in 2004, in March, in spring, in the morning, in the evening, etc
(2)在一段时间之后。一般情况下,用于将来时,谓语动词为瞬间动词,意为“在……以后”。如:
He will arrive in two hours.
谓语动词为延续性动词时,in意为“在……以内”。如:
These products will be produced in a month.
注意:after用于将来时间也指一段时间之后,但其后的时间是“一点”,而不是“一段”。如:
He will arrive after two o’clock.
3. on指时间表示:
(1)具体的时日和一个特定的时间,如某日、某节日、星期几等。如:
On Christmas Day(On May 4th), there will be a celebration.
(2)在某个特定的早晨、下午或晚上。如:
He arrived at 10 o’clock on the night of the 5th.
(3)准时,按时。如:
If the train should be on time, I should reach home before dark.
4. by指时间表示:
(1)不迟于,在(某时)前。如:
He will come by six o’clock.
Jack had made some friends by the time you came.
(2)在……间,在……的时候。如:
He worked by day and slept by night.
5. through指时间意为“从……开始到结束”,此时与throughout相同。如:
We work hard all through the year.

三. near, by, beside, at表示“在……附近”时的区别
1. near表示相对的近,实际距离可能还很远。如:
Suzhou is near Shanghai.
2. by和beside都表示靠近,实际距离不可能很远,但beside比by更具体地表示出“在……旁边”的意思。如:
He was sitting beside her.
3. at也有“在旁边”的意思,但多表示有目的的行为所处的位置,而by和beside仅表示位置关系。如:
The students are sitting at the desks listening to the teacher.
Several students are sitting by / beside the window talking about a film.

四. at, in和on表示地点时的区别
1. at表示地点:
(1)用于指较小的地方。如:
I shall wait for you at the station.
(2)用于门牌号码前。如:
He lives at 115 Zhongshan Road.
2. in表示地点:
(1)用于指较大的地方。如:
He lives in Shanghai.
(2)虽然是很小的地方,如果说话人住在那里,也可用in。商店、学校、机关等,若看作一个地点(point)用at,若看作一个场所(place)用in。如:
I met him at the post-office.
I’m now working in the post-office.
3. on表示地点,一般指与面或线接触,意为“在……上;在……旁”。如:
The picture was hanging on the wall.
New York is on the Hudson River.

五. besides, except, except for, but表示“除……外”之间的区别
1. besides表示“除了……以外,还有……”,具有附加性质。如:
Besides Mr Wang, we also went to see the film.(王先生也去了)
注意:besides用于否定句中时,与except, but同义,可互换。如:
We have no other books besides / except these.
2. except表示“……除外”,具有排它性质。如:
We all went to see the film except Mr Wang.(王先生没去)
3. except for表示“除了……”,即表示除去整体中的一部分。如:
The composition is very good except for a few spelling mistakes.
4. but意为“除了”,与except同义,except强调被排除的部分,but则强调整句的内容,常修饰否定意义的代词。如:
Nobody knew it but me.

六. above, over, on, up表示“在……上”之间的区别
1. above指“……上方”,表示相对高度,不一定在正上方,其反义词为below。如:
We’re flying above the clouds.
2. over指“在……正上方”,表示垂直上方,其反义词为under。如:
The bridge is over the river.
3. on表示“在……上面”,与物体表面接触,与beneath相对。如:
There is a map on the wall.
The earth felt soft beneath our feet.
4. up表示动作的方向往上,反义词为down。如:
Please hang the picture up.

七. by, through, with表示“方式、方法、手段”之间的区别
1. by表方式:
(1)表示以一般的方法或方式。如:
No one in those days could live by writing poems.
(2)表示传达、传递的方式或煤介。如:
How did you send the letter, by airmail or by ordinary mail?
(3)表示用交通工具、通讯工具后接名词单数,不加冠词。如:
He came by train, but his wife came by bus.
注意下面两句的区别:
Did you come by train?
Did you come in his car / on my bike?
“by +抽象名词”构成的词组有:by accident / by chance / by diligence / by effort / by force / by heart / by luck / by mistake / by hard work.
2. through表示“以;通过;经由”。如:
He succeeded through hard work.
3. with表示方式
(1)表示行为方式,意为“以;带着;用”。如:
We are well provided with food and clothing.
(2)表示使用具体的工具或手段。如:
He writes with a pen.
注意:在表示手段时,by, through, with有时也可换用,但with的意思更明确。如:
Through / By / With his efforts he succeeded in making so many useful inventions.

八. through, with, from, for, at表示原因的区别
1. through表示原因,作“因为”解,常和neglect, carelessness, mistake, fault等词连用,表示偶然或消极的原因,如疏忽、过错、不慎等。如:
He cut himself through carelessness.
The experiment failed through one fault of ours.
2. with表示原因,指由于外界而影响到内部,意为“因为;由于”。如:
The little girl was shivering with cold.
3.
from表示动机、疲劳、痛苦、死亡等原因。如:
She did it from a sense of duty.
4. for常表示为了某一目的、事业的原因。如:
Forgive me for keeping you waiting.
5. at表示原因,指“听到;看到;想到”等。如:
At the news they felt very glad.

九. 介词的搭配方式
1. 介词可与名词搭配。如:answer to, key to, the reason for, the cause of, advice on, by means of, lack of, a picture of等。
2. 介词可与形容词搭配。如:be afraid of, be active in, be tired of, be bored with, be prepared for, be suitable for, be familiar to / with, be free from等。
3. 介词可与动词搭配。如:talk about, prevent…from, belong to, get over, depend on, object to, refer to, look forward to, make up for, devote to等。

with , by 的用法问题
悬赏分:5 - 解决时间:2006-8-27 17:17
i was amazed with what he did.
i was amazed by what he did.
哪一个句子正确?

i was excited with what he did.
这个句子介词用的正确吗?

在用be动词和动词的过去式表示心情的时候,到底什麽时候在动词过去式的后面用by,什麽时候用with???

http://www.qnr.cn/waiyu/sy/
温馨提示:答案为网友推荐,仅供参考
第1个回答  2013-10-29
一、概述
介词是一种结构词,不能单独担任句子成分。介词的作用是表示它后面的宾语同句中其他词语之间的关系。介词与它的宾语构成介词短语可以充当多种句子成分。如:
The cost of food is rising. (定语)
She was ill during the meeting. (状语)
I found him in very good shape.(宾语补足语)
通常介词可分为四类:
简单介词:at, in, from, on
复合介词:upon, inside, outside
双重介词:from behind, from among
短语介词:in case of, according to

二、介词的意义
1.表示时间的介词
in表示“在某一时间段”,或“在……某一时候”,如用在月、季、年份、时代、世纪等时间名词的前面,或用来泛指一天的某一段时间。
In July/summer/2000/ancient times/the 1999’s
In the morning/afternoon/evening
In也可以指“在……之后”,表示从说话起的若干时间内,如:
The bus will be here in ten minutes.
On表示“在特定的某一天”,也可用于带有修饰语的一天的某个时间段之前。如:
on Saturday, on Saturday morning, on the morning of August 1st
at表示“在某一时间点”,或用来表示不确定的时间和短期的假日、时节等。如:
at six o’clock, at Easter
介词over, through (out)两者均指“经过的全部时间”。
Stay over the Christmas.
介词for, since for表示动作或状态延续的全部时间长度,为“长达……”之意;since用于指从过去特定的某个时刻到说话时为止的一段时间;两者往往用于完成时。
I have been there for six years.
We have not seen each other since 1993.
During指“在……时期/时间内”,必须以表示一段时间的词或词组作宾语。
She was ill for a week, and during that week she ate little.
2.表示地点的介词
介词above, over, on, on top of. Above和below分别表示高于和低于的意思,不一定指垂直方向上的上下;over和under分别表示垂直方向上的上下和高低;on/on top of和beneath/underneath表示“和表面相接触”意义上的上下。以上三对介词互为反义词。
The temple stands on top of the hill.
The pen is beneath the book.
There is a lamp over the desk.
介词at指小地点或集会场合;on表示线或面上的位置;in表示在立体、区域或环境内,特别是那些教大,能够容纳相应事物的环境。
He works at Peking University.
Your radio is on the desk.
The boat is in the lake.
介词in, on, off, to表示相当于某个区域或某个物体的位置关系:in表示在区域的里面;on表示在区域的边界附近,可以是属于这个区域的一部分或相互接壤;off也表示在区域的边界附近,但一般不是属于这个区域的一部分;to表示在区域的边界更远些的附近,所以不是属于这个区域的一部分或不互相接壤。
Japan is to the east of China and Mongolia is on the north.
Taiwan is in the east of China but is off the mainland.
介词between用来说明“在……两者之间”或“三个以上人物或事物中的两者之间的相互关系”;among用来说明“在……两者以上之间”的相互关系;amid(amidst)和among都可以用来表示没有确定数目的物体之间的相互关系,amid多用于正式文体。
There is a small river between the two villages.
The book is the best among these modern novels.
介词in front of和behind指前、后的相对位置。
She always looks in front of and behind the car before she starts it.
介词round, pass指“绕过”;其中pass指“从……旁边经过”;through指“从……之中穿过”。
The movie theater is round the corner.
He lives in the village past the bus stop through the park.
3.表示原因的介词
for常常表示褒贬、奖惩的原因或心理原因。
They will reward you for your help.
Due to常常用来引导形容词性的短语,作定语或表语。
Mistakes due to carelessness may have serious consequences.
From和out of常常表示动机或原因;through表示消极或间接的原因。
He feels weak from lack of sleep.
He broke down through overwork.
4.表示目的的介词
for表示拟定的接收人或目的;to表示实际的接收人或目的。
I bought the gift for my little sister.
I gave the gift to my little sister.
For和to都可以引导目的地。For跟在含有出发或开始意义的动词后,如:leave, set out, start, depart, sail等;to跟在含有来来往往地行动的意义的动词后,如:go, come, run, walk, move, fly, drive, ride等。
We have left for Hong Kong.
He flew to America via Hong Kong.
At还可引导行为的目标或精力的集中点。
He shot at the bird.
5.表示“关于……”的介词
一般about用于比较随便的谈话或非正式的文体;on用于正式的讲话、著作或报告中;of用于动词talk, read, know, say, hear, boast等的后面。如:
What are you talking about?
A paper on selfdom in Russian.
In terms of natural resources
6.表示原料的介词
of和out of表示制成品的材料仍保持原材料的性质;with表示制成产品的一种成分;from表示制成品已失去了原材料的性质;in表示制成品的材料的色调或特殊性。
His house was built of brick.
He made these toys out of old cigar-boxes.
A fruitcake is made with fruit.
Steel is made from iron.
We have furniture of this design in oak and in walnut.
7.表示价格的介词
at和for都可表示价格,at仅表示价格,for还表示“交换”,如:
Eggs are sold at 95 cents a dozen here.
I bought it for five pounds.
8.表示其他意义的介词
in spite of, despite, for(all…),with(all…)等表示让步意义的介词。其中:despite较为正式,in spit of较为普通,for/with(all…)较为口语化。
In spite of / despite the bad weather 尽管天气不好
For / with all his shortcomings 尽管他有许多缺点
except和but表示不包含的意义,只是单纯地将其后面所接的人或事物排除在外,一般不用于句首,多跟在表示一个集体的名词或代词后作定语。
He gets up early every day except Sunday.
Who would do such a thing but Peter?
Except for和apart from表示不包含的意义,所引导的短语,主要用于状语,以修饰全句,意为“除了有……之外”,“只是……”等,用于引出一个相反的细节或原因,因而部分地修正了全句的主要意思。
Except for Jack, the whole class passed the test.
Apart from its cost, the plan was a good one.
Except for和but for表示不包含的意义,可以引导有否定意义的条件状语从句。
Except for/But for the storm we should have arrived earlier.
Except指从整体中除去一部分,而besides则表示“除……之外还有……”的意义。
Nobody was late except me.
He had few friends besides us.
表示超过或不足的介词有:above, beyond, over, past; below, beneath, under等,如:
beyond description 难以形容
below/under the average 低于平均水平
表示状态的介词有:at,off, in, under, out of等,如:
on fire 着火
off duty 下班
out of fashion 过时
表示支持的with, for和表示反对的against
I’m with you in all you say.
Are you for or against the plan?

三、介词的搭配
1.介词与动词的搭配
同一介词可以与不同的动词搭配,表示不同的意思。以of为例:
Jack reminds her grandma of her husband because he looks just like him.(使……想起)
Have you ever heard of such a thing? (听说)
She often spoke of her life in China. (谈起)
The lady was robbed of 10 dollars on her way home. (抢劫)
Thanks for thinking of me. (思念)
同一动词可以与不同的介词搭配使用,表示不同的意思。以look为例:
Look after the children. (照顾)
He looked at the timetable. (看)
What are you looking for? (寻找)
The police are looking into the case. (调查)
在许多动词+介词的结构只能感,介词实际上是动词的一部分,与动词一起构成短语动词。
2.介词与形容词的搭配
介词短语是形容词补语的一种,下面介绍几个常与形容词搭配的介词。
At: (1)表示对某种因素在情绪上的反应,如:I am angry at their not telling me.这类形容词还有:amazed, pleased, hurt, disappointed, excited, delighted, worried等;(2)表示在某方面的能力,如:He’s good at tennis.这类形容词还有:adept, expert, show, hopeless, useless等。
In表示方面,如:He is successful in everything he does.这类形容词还有:lacking , interested, efficient, lucky等。
About表示对象,如:I am curious about her motives.这类形容词还有:certain, careful, careless, happy, pleased, sure, anxious等。
To表示目标,如:Your arguments are contrary to reason.这类形容词还有:acceptable, answerable, equal, hateful, kind, natural, painful, peculiar, pleasant, polite, rude, similar, strange, used等。
With表示伴随,如:Your arguments are not consistent with your previous remarks.这类形容词还有:complete, content, angry, busy, consistent, horrified, pleased, upset等。
For: (1)表示对象,如:We are eager for news.这类形容词还有: bound, adequate, famous, fit, necessary, sorry, ready等;(2)表示分离,如:She was absent from the meeting.这类形容词还有:free, different, separate, safe等。
3.介词与名词的搭配
介词与名词的搭配常常用在由动词、形容词等转换而来的名词的后面。如:
We can’t ignore their concern for the matter.
His absence from school was caused by illness.
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