不要给我直接用翻译软件翻译的,我需要的是词句通顺的翻译,谢谢。
This study was designed to examine the extent to which the
appraisal-emotion relationships hypothesized in the appraisal the-
ory formulation of Smith and Lazarus (1993) occur in daily life.
Our study was guided by two interrelated questions. First, are the
appraisal-emotion relationships posited by Smith and Lazarus the
dominant relationships? Second, to what extent do such relation-
ships vary across individuals?
The results clearly supported Smith and Lazarus’s (1993) con-
tention that certain appraisal-emotion relationships are stronger
than others. Appraisals of Other-Blame led to feelings of anger,
appraisals of Self-Blame led to feelings of guilt, and so forth. Thisfinding is important because appraisal-emotion relationships were examined in vivo, during the ebb and flow of people’s daily
emotional lives, and most previous research has relied on vignettes
and autobiographical recall, methods that we believe are prone to
various biases.
Our results provide mixed support for the type of invariant
appraisal-emotion relationships such as those suggested by Rose-
man and Smith (2001). In support of such invariance, we note that
although there were relationships between “nonprimary” (i.e., not
hypothesized) appraisals and emotional responses, with the excep-
tion of Joy, these relationships were not as strong as the predicted,
primary relationships. Not only were such nonprimary relation-
ships statistically different from the primary relationship, they
were also meaningfully weaker in absolute terms. All were less
than 50% as strong, and most were much less than that. Moreover,
follow-up analyses in which only primary slopes were analyzed
found coefficients ranging from .4 to .5. Keeping in mind that all
coefficients in these analyses are unstandardized, this means that
experienced emotions changed about half point for every point
change in appraisals.
On the other hand, specific emotions were also significantly
associated with other, nonhypothesized appraisals. These results
suggest that although the appraisal-emotion associations described
in the cognitive appraisal theory of emotion are the dominant
associations, an appraisal may be associated with more than one
emotional response. As such, these findings do not suggest that
appraisals are invariantly related in one-to-one relationships to
emotional experience. Rather, they suggest that emotions can be
associated with different appraisal contents and that appraisals can
elicit different types of emotions.