第2个回答 2020-05-16
Samuel Langhorne Clemens (November 30, 1835 – April 21, 1910), better known by his pen name Mark Twain, was an American author and humorist. He wrote The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876) and its sequel, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn(1885),the latter often called "the Great American Novel."
Twain grew up in Hannibal, Missouri, which provided the setting for Huckleberry Finn and Tom Sawyer. After an apprenticeship with a printer, he worked as a typesetter and contributed articles to the newspaper of his older brotherOrion Clemens. He later became a riverboat pilot on the Mississippi River before heading west to join Orion in Nevada. He referred humorously to his singular lack of success at mining, turning to journalism for the Virginia City Territorial Enterprise. In 1865, his humorous story, "The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County," was published, based on a story he heard at Angels Hotel in Angels Camp, California, where he had spent some time as a miner. The short story brought international attention, and was even translated into classic Greek.[4] His wit and satire, in prose and in speech, earned praise from critics and peers, and he was a friend to presidents, artists, industrialists, and European royalty.
Though Twain earned a great deal of money from his writings and lectures, he invested in ventures that lost a great deal of money, notably the Paige Compositor, which failed because of its complexity and imprecision. In the wake of these financial setbacks, he filed for protection from his creditors via bankruptcy, and with the help of Henry Huttleston Rogers eventually overcame his financial troubles. Twain chose to pay all his pre-bankruptcy creditors in full, though he had no legal responsibility to do so.
Twain was born shortly after a visit by Halley's Comet, and he predicted that he would "go out with it," too. He died the day following the comet's subsequent return. He was lauded as the "greatest American humorist of his age," and William Faulkner called Twain "the father of American literature.
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），美国幽默大师、小说家、著名演说家、杰出的作家、和著名记者，真实姓名是萨缪尔·兰亨·克莱门。“马克·吐温”是他的笔名，原是密西西比河水手使用的表示在航道上所测水的深度的术语。
马克·吐温一生写了大量作品，题材涉及小说、剧本、散文、诗歌等各方面。从内容上说，他的作品批判了不合理现象或人性的丑恶之处，表达了这位当过排字工人和水手的作家强烈的正义感和对普通人民的关心；从风格上说，专家们和一般读者都认为，幽默和讽刺是他的写作特点。
马克·吐温是美国批判现实主义文学的奠基人，世界著名的短篇小说大师。他的主要作品已大多有中文译本。他经历了美国从初期资本主义到帝国主义的发展过程，其思想和创作也表现为从轻快调笑到辛辣讽刺再到悲观厌世的发展阶段，前期以辛辣的讽刺见长，到了后期语言更为暴露激烈。被誉为“美国文学史上的林肯”。他于1910年4月21日去世，享年七十五岁，安葬于纽约州艾玛拉。
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马克吐温英文简介及中文简介，不要太长
作者介绍：马克吐温,（Mark Twain l835～1910） 美国作家.本名塞谬尔·朗赫恩·克莱门斯.马克·吐温是其笔名.出生于密西西比河畔小城汉尼拔的 一个乡村贫穷律师家庭,从小出外拜师学徒.当过排字工人,密西西比河水手、南军士兵,还经营过木材 业、矿业和出版业,但有效的工作是当记者和写作幽默文学.马克·吐温是美国批判现实主义文学的奠基人,世界著名的短篇小说大师.他经历了美国从“自由”资 本主义到帝国主义的发展过程,其思想和创作也表现为从轻快调笑到辛辣讽刺再到悲观厌世的发展阶段.他 的早期创作,如短篇小说《竟选州长》（1870）、《哥尔斯密的朋友再度出洋》（1870）等,以幽默、诙谐 的笔法嘲笑美国“民主选举”的荒谬和“民主天堂”的本质.中期作品,如长篇小说《镀金时代》（1874, 与华纳合写）、代表作长篇小说《哈克贝里·费恩历险记》（1886）及《傻瓜威尔逊》（1893）等,则以深 沉、辛辣的笔调讽刺和揭露像瘟疫般盛行于美国的投机、拜金狂热,及暗无天日的社会现实与惨无人道的种 族歧视.《哈克贝里·费恩历险记》通过白人小孩哈克跟逃亡黑奴吉姆结伴在密西西比河流浪的故事,不仅 批判封建家庭结仇械斗的野蛮,揭露私刑的毫无理性,而且讽刺宗教的虚伪愚昧,谴责蓄奴制的罪恶,并歌 颂黑奴的优秀品质,宣传不分种族地位人人都享有自由权利的进步主张.作品文字清新有力,审视角度自然 而独特,被视为美国文学史上具划时代意义的现实主义著作.19世纪末,随着美国进入帝国主义发展阶段,马克·吐温一些游记、杂文、政论,如《赤道环行记》（1897）、中篇小说《败坏了哈德莱堡的人》 （1900）、《神秘来客》（1916）等的批判揭露意义也逐渐减弱,而绝望神秘情绪则有所伸长.马克·吐温被誉为“美国文学中的林肯”.他的主要作品已大多有中文译本. Mark Twain (pseudonym of Samuel Langhorne Clemens,1835-1910),was an American writer,journalist and humorist,who won a worldwide audience for his stories of the youthful adventures of Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn. Clemens was born on November 30,1835 in Florida,Missouri,of a Virginian family.He was brought up in Hannibal,Missouri.After his father's death in 1847,he was apprenticed to a printer and wrote for his brother's newspaper.He later worked as a licensed Mississippi river-boat pilot.The Civil War put an end to the steamboat traffic and Clemens moved to Virginia City,where he edited the Territorial Enterprise.On February 3,1863,'Mark Twain' was born when Clemens signed a humorous travel account with that pseudonym. In 1864 Twain left for California,and worked in San Francisco as a reporter.He visited Hawaii as a correspondent for The Sacramento Union,publishing letters on his trip and giving lectures.He set out on a world tour,traveling in France and Italy.His experiences were recorded in 1869 in The Innocents Abroad,which gained him wide popularity,and poked fun at both American and European prejudices and manners. The success as a writer gave Twain enough financial security to marry Olivia Langdon in 1870.They moved next year to Hartford.Twain continued to lecture in the United States and England.Between 1876 and 1884 he published several masterpieces,Tom Sawyer (1881) and The Prince And The Pauper (1881).Life On The Mississippi appeared in 1883 andHuckleberry Finn in 1884. In the 1890s Twain lost most of his earnings in financial speculations and in the failure of his own publishing firm.To recover from the bankruptcy,he started a world lecture tour,during which one of his daughters died.Twain toured New Zealand,Australia,India,and South Africa.He wrote such books as The Tragedy Of Pudd'head Wilson (1884),Personal Recollections Of Joan Of Arc (1885),A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court (1889) and the travel book Following The Equator (1897).During his long writing career,Twain also produced a considerable number of essays. The death of his wife and his second daughter darkened the author's later years,which is seen in his posthumously published autobiography (1924).Twain died on April 21,1910.
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马克吐温一部著名作品的英文简介 不要太长
马克吐温最著名的两部作品是>和> Plot Overview of "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn " The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn opens by familiarizing us with the events of the novel that preceded it, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. Both novels are set in the town of St. Petersburg, Missouri, which lies on the banks of the Mississippi River. At the end of Tom Sawyer, Huckleberry Finn, a poor boy with a drunken bum for a father, and his friend Tom Sawyer, a middle-class boy with an imagination too active for his own good, found a robber’s stash of gold. As a result of his adventure, Huck gained quite a bit of money, which the bank held for him in trust. Huck was adopted by the Widow Douglas, a kind but stifling woman who lives with her sister, the self-righteous Miss Watson. As Huckleberry Finn opens, Huck is none too thrilled with his new life of cleanliness, manners, church, and school. However, he sticks it out at the bequest of Tom Sawyer, who tells him that in order to take part in Tom’s new “robbers’ gang,” Huck must stay “respectable.” All is well and good until Huck’s brutish, drunken father, Pap, reappears in town and demands Huck’s money. The local judge, Judge Thatcher, and the Widow try to get legal custody of Huck, but another well-intentioned new judge in town believes in the rights of Huck’s natural father and even takes the old drunk into his own home in an attempt to reform him. This effort fails miserably, and Pap soon returns to his old ways. He hangs around town for several months, harassing his son, who in the meantime has learned to read and to tolerate the Widow’s attempts to improve him. Finally, outraged when the Widow Douglas warns him to stay away from her house, Pap kidnaps Huck and holds him in a cabin across the river from St. Petersburg. Whenever Pap goes out, he locks Huck in the cabin, and when he returns home drunk, he beats the boy. Tired of his confinement and fearing the beatings will worsen, Huck escapes from Pap by faking his own death, killing a pig and spreading its blood all over the cabin. Hiding on Jackson’s Island in the middle of the Mississippi River, Huck watches the townspeople search the river for his body. After a few days on the island, he encounters Jim, one of Miss Watson’s slaves. Jim has run away from Miss Watson after hearing her talk about selling him to a plantation down the river, where he would be treated horribly and separated from his wife and children. Huck and Jim team up, despite Huck’s uncertainty about the legality or morality of helping a runaway slave. While they camp out on the island, a great storm causes the Mississippi to flood. Huck and Jim spy a log raft and a house floating past the island. They capture the raft and loot the house, finding in it the body of a man who has been shot. Jim refuses to let Huck see the dead man’s face. Although the island is blissful, Huck and Jim are forced to leave after Huck learns from a woman onshore that her husband has seen smoke coming from the island and believes that Jim is hiding out there. Huck also learns that a reward has been offered for Jim’s capture. Huck and Jim start downriver on the raft, intending to leave it at the mouth of the Ohio River and proceed up that river by steamboat to the free states, where slavery is prohibited. Several days’ travel takes them past St. Louis, and they have a close encounter with a gang of robbers on a wrecked steamboat. They manage to escape with the robbers’ loot. During a night of thick fog, Huck and Jim miss the mouth of the Ohio and encounter a group of men looking for escaped slaves. Huck has a brief moral crisis about concealing stolen “property”—Jim, after all, belongs to Miss Watson—but then lies to the men and tells them that his father is on the raft suffering from smallpox. Terrified of the disease, the men give Huck money and hurry away. Unable to backtrack to the mouth of the Ohio, Huck and Jim continue downriver. The next night, a steamboat slams into their raft, and Huck and Jim are separated. Huck ends up in the home of the kindly Grangerfords, a family of Southern aristocrats locked in a bitter and silly feud with a neighboring clan, the Shepherdsons. The elopement of a Grangerford daughter with