The Industrial Revolution first started in Great Britain and eventually progressed to the United States in the early 19th
工业改革最早是在大不列颠开始的,然而在早19世纪时蔓延到美国了。
century. It was first created to raise people’s standard of living. Before the revolution, the majority of Americans lived on
被发明的原因是提高人们的生活质量。在这个改革之前,大部分的美国人生活在
farmland, small town, or villages where there was little manufacturing. A farmer usually also was able to make shoes, and
农场,小城镇,或者村庄,而这些都是制造业不发达的地方。农夫一般得也做鞋子,
the women spent their days making soap and candles, or spinning yarn or making clothing. The manufacturing that did take
而女人一天到晚做肥皂,蜡烛,或者做纺织,或者做衣服。制造业
place was in homes or rural areas and it was done by hand. Some products made in the home (including clothing, furniture,
一般在家里或者农村,而是手做的。家里做的一些产品(包括衣服,家具
tools, cloth, hardware, jewelry, leather, silverware, and weapons) were even exchanged for food. But, people lived in fear
工具,布料,硬件,首饰,皮子,银器 [餐具,叉子,刀子之类的],和武器)甚至用来交换食物。但是
that the crops they grew might fail, as many of them already suffered from malnutrition. In addition, diseases and epidemics
人们很怕这些种的粮食会失败,因为已经有很多人营养不良。而且,生病和流行病
were unfortunately common. In the late 1700’s, the first sign of a revolution occured when the steam engine was developed.
非常不幸地很常见。在晚1700, 改革的最先的标志是当蒸汽引擎被发展了。
It introduced the concept of companies and factories being able to create goods using machinery, as opposed to a family
它介绍了公司和工厂能用机器做东西的概念,而不是一家人在家里一起工作。
working together at home. One of the purposes of the industrial Revolution was to have more goods produced at a lower
工业改革的目的之一是更多的东西在更低的价格制造出来。
cost. An immediate change included the production of goods; what was produced, as well as where and how, its cost, and
立马的改变包括产品的制造,制造了什么,还有哪里和如何制造的,它的价格,还有效率。
efficiency. The Industrial Revolution was beginning to turn an agricultural economy into one with machines and manufacturing.
工业改革开始变成一个农业经济,一个有机器和制造的。
The Industrial Revolution was growing rapidly into the U.S. during the early 19th century. Private investors and financial
工业改革在19世纪开始很快地延伸到美国。(美国的经济需要)私人的投资者和
buildings (such as banks) were needed to provide money to the people who wanted to start a business. This money would
金融建筑,比如银行,来给想开公司的人钱。
allow further industrialization to take place. The purpose of it was to lessen the risks of losing money to the individual
这些钱就使更多的工业化可能。它的目的是使个人投资者亏本的危险降低。
investors. This was especially crucial because the new machinery that was needed was expensive. Capital was first
这是特别重要的,因为新的所需要的机器很贵。
introduced as companies combined together their money as “joint stock companies”, and soon after corporations were
当公司把他们的钱合在一起作为“联合股份公司”时,资金(这个金融工具就开始了)。
formally developed. The advantage to this was the most an investor could lose is the amount that they put in; as opposed to
而不久后,公司团体就被正式地发展了。这个的好处是一个投资者能亏掉的最多只是他们所投资的部分,而不是
losing more money than one initially started with.
亏掉比他们原来放进去还多的钱。
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