由离子的表示方法,在表示该离子的元素符号右上角,标出该离子所带的正负电荷数,数字在前,正负符号在后,带1个电荷时,1要省略.若表示多个该离子,就在其离子符号前加上相应的数字,故n个钠离子可表示为:nNa
+、2个镁离子可表示为:2Mg
2+、铝离子可表示为:Al
3+;
根据氯为非金属元素,最外层电子数多于4,易得到电子,形成阴离子,氯元素是17号元素,故氯离子的核内质子数为17,当核电荷数=质子数<核外电子数,为阴离子,故氯离子的结构示意图是:
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/0d338744ebf81a4ccc9c7578d42a6059242da6d1?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
;
根据镁为金属元素,最外层电子数小于4,易失去最外层电子,形成阳离子,镁元素为12号元素,故镁离子的核内质子数为12,核外电子数为10,故镁离子的结构示意图为:
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/eaf81a4c510fd9f948b9ccd8262dd42a2934a4d1?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
;
故答案为:nNa
+;2Mg
2+;Al
3+;
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/0d338744ebf81a4ccc9c7578d42a6059242da6d1?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
;
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/eaf81a4c510fd9f948b9ccd8262dd42a2934a4d1?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
;