unless和if not的区别

如题所述

  unless在意义上相当于if…not…,因此在有些场合if…not…可为unless所代替。但在有些场合又不能互换,我们要注意下面几种情况:
  1.当if…not…引导非真实条件分句时,一般不可改用unless。 例如:
  If she had not had an alarm clock,she would have missedthe train.(事实:她有闹钟。)
  如果把上述例句中的if…not…换成unless,意义就相反了。
  (误)Unless she had had an alarm clock, she would havemissed the train.(事实:她没有闹钟)
  2.If…not…引导的条件分句可以重叠使用,unless则不可, 因为unless表示唯一条件。例如:
  She won't lose weight if she doesn't keep a diet and ifshe does not take exercise every day.
  3.unless引导的分句可用否定结构,而if…not …引导的分句不可再否定。例如:
  Don't ask me to explain unless you really don't understand.
  The directors have a meeting every Friday,unless there is nothing to discuss.
  以上两例句中的unless不可换成if…not…。
  4.在unless引导的肯定形式的条件分句中, 通常用肯定词(即some,already,still,too,as well等),在if…not…引导的分句中,通常用非肯定词(即any,yet,ever,either,at all等)。例如:
  I will criticize you if you haven't spoken to her yet.
  I will criticize you unless you have already spoken to her.
  (误)…unless you have spoken to her yet.
  不过在否定形式的非真实条件分句中,if…not …结构仍能与肯定词连用。例如:
  If he hadn't already prepared his lesson, he wouldn't beallowed to go.(因为这种从句表面上是否定,实际上是肯定。)
  5.在间接引语中,当if=whether,意为“是否”,unless 不可以代替if…not…。例如:
  She promised to let me know if she wasn't coming.
  6.当unless含有“除了”的意思,不可为if…not…所替代。例如:
  He never stammers,unless when he is angry.( unless when=except when)
  Nothing will come out of it, unless disaster.(unless=except)
  7.当主句是疑问句时,不可用unless代替if…not…。 因为unless用在A情况发生,必导致B结果之类的复合句中。例如:
  What shall we do it they don't reply to our letters?
  8.当主句谓语是be+某些形容词或分词,如:glad,surprised,disappointed,satisfied,ashamed,delighted和pleased等, 不可用unless代替if…not…。例如:
  I'll be really surprised if they don't come to the meeting.
  I'll be quite glad if she doesn't join them.
  之所以不能为unless代替,是强调否定条件的出现,表明在这种前题下的因果关系。以上条件状语从句都可变为原因状语从句。例如:
  I'll be really surprised that they won't come to the meeting.
  这里if被that代替了,而从句的否定结构不变。
  综上所述,unless既等于if…not…,在某些场合又不相等, 因此要牢记它们之间的差别,准确地使用它们。
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第1个回答  2015-12-22
if not表示不然的话,否则.后面不接句子,应该接短语,如If not his help, I would have failed.
Unless表示除非,如:
My baby sister never cries unless she is hungry.
我刚出生的妹妹除非饿了,她是从来不哭的.
I shall go there tomorrow unless I'm too busy.
如果我不太忙,明天将到那儿去.
Unless you go at once you will be late.
如果你不马上走,就会迟到的

希望对你有帮助,谢谢采纳本回答被提问者采纳
第2个回答  2015-12-23
  一、unless有时可与if…not互换,但此时通常只限于从句所引出的情况为主句情况的一种例外,即此时的unless意思是except if。如:
  Unless you start at once you’ll be late.
  =If you don’t start at once you’ll be late.
  =Except if you start at once you’ll be late. 除非你立即动身,否则你就会迟到。

  二、当从句所引出的情况不是表示主句情况发生的一种例外而只是一种可能,并且这种可能正是导致主句情况发生的主要原因时,英语习惯只用if…not,不用unless。如:
  I’ll be surprised if he doesn’t win. 如果他不赢,我会感到惊奇。
  She’d look nicer if she didn’t wear so much make-up. 要是她不过分打扮,本来会更好看的。
  I’ll be sorry if they do not come tomorrow. 如果他们明天不来,我将感到非常遗憾。

  三、当从句内容与已知事实相反时(即引出虚拟条件时),通常要用if…not,而不用unless。如:
  If he weren’t so silly, he would understand. 他要不是那样傻的话,他就会明白了。(实际上他很傻)
  If I hadn’t stopped her, she would have jumped down. 要不是我阻止了她,她就跳下去了。(实际上我阻止了她)
  unless有时可引出一个过去未曾实现的假想法情况,对前面主句进行补充说明(此时必须置于主句之后,且前面常用破折号而不用逗号)。如:
  I couldn’t have got to the meeting on time—unless I had caught an earlier train. 我不可能及时赶到会场,除非我赶上了较早一班火车。(事实是“我”没有及时到会)
  此句若将 unless 改为 if…not,则成为:
  I couldn’t have got there If I hadn’t caught an earlier train. 如果我没赶上较早一班火车,我就不能到达那儿了。(事实是“我”及时到会了)
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