不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词均可作定语,可从以下两个方面予以区别:1.位置不同。不定式多为后置定语,动名词多为前置定语,单个的现在或过去分词作定语时一般前置,分词短语作定语时则需后置。2.含义不同。不定式多表示将来的动作,现在分词表示正在进行的动作或主动关系,过去分词表示已完成的动作或被动关系。动名词只能表示事物的属性、用途等。例如:
I can't go with you because I have two letters to write.
Take these sleeping pills and you'll sleep better.(动名词表示用途,而the sleeping child中的sleeping则为现在分词,为其"正在进行的"动作)
Don't drink boiling water.Drink boiled water.(boiling表示正进行,boiled表示已完成)
Do you know the man talking with our maths teacher?(表示主动关系)
I lost the calculator given by my uncle.(表示被动关系)
另外,不定式、现在分词作定语时也可使用其被动式,应注意它们此时与过去分词的区别。试比较如下:
The problem to be discussed at tomorrow's meeting(明天会上要讨论的问题)is how to deal with the old building.
The problem being discussed at the meeting now(现在会上正讨论的问题)is how to deal with the old building.
The problem discussed at yesterday's meeting(昨天会上讨论的问题)is how to deal with the old building
--------------
.动词不定式 A lot of young people are learning to drive cars. (同时发生) All of us expected to discover a new oil field. (非谓语动词动作发生在后) He is said to have studied English for three years. (非谓语动词动作发生在前) **动词不定式的完成式有时用在intended, expected, meant, were to, was to等过去式的动词后面,表示未实现的行为。 I meant to have sent the book to you by mail. (我本想把这本书邮寄给你的。) He was to have been the new ambassador, but he fell ill. (他原是要任新大使的,但是他病了。)
温馨提示:答案为网友推荐,仅供参考