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Question

APPLICATION OF MONITORING SEEPAGE TO SPECIAL CASES OF MEMBRANE EMBANKMENT DAMS
The water retaining integrity of a membrane dam is dependent on the condition of the membrane. Because it is often difficult to thoroughly inspect the membrane during operation (it is submerged or buried), another indication of the trends in the membrane condition can be obtained by monitoring seepage at the toe of the slope. When seepage is increasing with time, it is an indication that membrane maintenance should be factored into upcoming annual maintenance budgets.
11.3.4 STRESS
MONITORING STRESS IN EMBANKMENT DAMS
In general it is much simpler to monitor strain in an embankment dam than stress, so stress monitoring is not frequently done. However, there are occasions when stress monitoring is desirable. Stress monitoring can be done using total pressure cells (see Chapter 3) which are typically installed during construction, or alternatively, using a self-boring pressure meter after construction. Total pressure cells can be installed in embankment fill to verify overburden and lateral stresses. Total pressure cells can not be installed after construction without disturbing the stress field of interest. The self-boring pressure meter provides an alternative that can be used post-construction, although it is a somewhat exotic piece of equipment.

Answer 1

大坝渗流监测中的应用在膜特殊情况土石坝膜的水保留完整，是依赖于膜的条件。因为它往往是难以彻底检查在操作过程中膜（它是淹没或埋），另一个在膜条件的趋势表明，可通过监测在坡趾渗水获得。当时间的增加与渗漏，这是一个迹象表明，膜的维修预算应当计入即将举行例行维修。大坝11.3.4应力监测应力在堤坝在总体上要简单得多，监测大坝应力应变比堤，所以压力监测是不是经常这样做。但是，有些时候应力监测是可取的。应力监测可以做到用总压细胞（见第三章）这是典型的施工期间，或者安装，使用后建设自钻压力表。总压细胞可以被安装在路堤填核实覆盖层和横向应力。总压细胞不能安装施工后不会扰乱了兴趣应力场。自钻压表提供了一个可用于工后的选择，尽管这是一个奇特的设备有点一块。