3. 虚拟语气:表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如: If I were a girl, I would not marry such a man. 如果我是女孩子,我不会嫁给这样的男人。 I wish I had seen him yesterday. 我希望昨天见到他了。 二 . 虚拟语气的几种形式 1. 主从复合句型虚拟语气。即主句和从句表示的都是假设的情形。在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中,主从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。 a. 表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果。如: If I were you, I should study English. 要是我是你,我就会学英语的。 b. 表示与过去事实相反的假设和结果。如: If they had been warned, they wouldn't have eaten the food. 如果有人警告他们的话,他们就不会吃那些食物了。 c. 表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果。如: If it should rain, the crops would be saved. 假如天下雨,庄稼就能得救了。 主从复合句型虚拟语气主要表现在谓语形式变化上,且配套使用。如下表所示: 2. should 型虚拟语气。 在表示命令、建议、要求(如 order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command )等一类动词的名词性从句中,往往使用虚拟语气,由“ should+ 动词原形”构成,其中 should 可省略。 a. 在宾语从句中的应用。如: I suggest that we ( should ) hold a meeting next week. 我建议我们下个星期开个会。 He insisted that he ( should ) be sent there. 他坚持要派到那儿去。 b. 在主语从句中的应用。如: It is suggested that we ( should ) hold a meeting next week. 有人建议我们下周开个会。 It is necessary that he ( should ) come to our meeting tomorrow. 他有必要来参加我们明天的会议。 c. 在同位语从句中的应用。如: My idea is that we ( should ) get more people to attend the conference. 我觉得我们应该让更多的人来参加这次会议。 I make a proposal that we ( should ) hold a meeting next week. 我建议下周开个会。 注意: 如果 suggest, insist 不表示“建议”,“坚持要某人做某事”,而是意为“暗示;表明”,“坚持认为”时,宾语从句用陈述语气。试比较: Your pale face suggests that you are ill. 你苍白的脸色表明你生病了。 I suggested that he should go there. 我建议他去那儿。 I insisted that you were wrong. 我坚持认为你错了。 I insisted that the old man should be sent to hospital. 我坚持要求把老人送到医院去。 3. wish 型虚拟语气。 在动词 wish 后的宾语从句中,表示与现在或过去的事实相反,或对将来的主观愿望,常用虚拟语气,从句通常省略连词 that 。此时的假设内容的时态都比现实时态退一步。 a. 表示对现在情况的虚拟:从句动词用过去式或过去进行式( be 的过去式用 were )。如: I wish I knew the answer to the question. 我希望我知道这个问题的答案。 b. 表示对过去情况的虚拟:从句动词用“ had+ 过去分词”形式。如: I wish ( that ) I hadn't wasted so much time. 我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。 c. 表示对将来的主观愿望:谓语动词形式为“ would / should / could / might + 动词原形”。如: I wish it would stop raining. 但愿雨能停止。 4. 特殊的虚拟语气结构。 a. 虚拟语气用在状语从句中。由 as if 或 as though 引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时,从句中的谓语动词用虚拟语气。动词形式用动词的过去式或“ had + 过去分词”。如: The teacher treats him as if he were her own child. 这位老师待他就像她的亲生孩子一样。 He speaks as if he had been to the United States. 他说得好像他真的到过美国似的。 b. 在 It is time ( that )…句型中从句的谓语动词常用动词过去式表示虚拟语气,意为“该干某事了”;类似的还有 I'd rather ( that )…句型,意为“我宁愿 / 希望……”。如: It is time that we did something to stop pollution. 该是我们做些什么制止污染的时候了。 It is time that we did our homework. 我们该做功课了。 I'd rather I knew the answer. 我真希望我知道答案。 I'd rather I didn't see you again. 我宁愿没有见到你。
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