还有一段，谢谢啊

Question

（机器的我也会，就不要来了）意思和语法对就行
禁忌（taboo）
例子当中的英文和中文不需要翻译

虽然,英美人对长辈称之为 Dad , Mum, Grandpa Grandma, Aunt,或 Uncle Jim,但现在也倾向于用名字作称呼,并且要避免使用汉族人当作他称、尊称的称谓:叔叔、阿姨,如把解放军叔叔译称 P.L. A. uncle,把警察叔叔称为Uncle Policeman,叫护士阿姨为Aunt Nurse,这都是不妥的,会使英美国家人士感到莫名其妙。英语国家的姓名禁忌是不多的。非亲属关系方面一般是社会称谓,社会称谓是社会结构,人际关系的文化符号。在人际交往过程中,常常需要借助不同的称谓来确立或确认发话人和受话人的角色和地位,如老师与学生,厂长与工人等,随着角色和语言环境的改变,称谓也会相应调整。而讲英语的人这类称呼则较简单:一般在姓氏之前加Mr, Mrs, Miss即可(无论对长辈、小辈均可)。英语很少以职务、职业用于称呼,只有少数例外:Doctor, Judge, Governor和Mayor和Professor,对军官,则用姓加军衔,而不用姓加职务,如:Captain Johnson。
为了避免交际中不必要的麻烦和尴尬出现,我们可以通过用宽泛模糊的词语,来进行一种符号的替代行为比如,我们可以把“涨价”说成“调价”;把失业说成“下岗”;用“个人问题”来代替“婚姻”等等。怀孕本来是一种生理现象,但在日常生活中一般不直接说出。人们说‘她肚子大了’,于是我们可以说estating ;to be in the family way ; to be expecting ; to be excepting a baby; to be mother –to –be ; to be an expectant mother ;fruitful 、with child 等方式来对怀孕进行委婉的说法。我们也可以用禁忌语意义相近或相关的词语,去替代禁忌语
一楼机器。请帮帮忙啊。

Answer 1

虽然,英美人对长辈称之为 Dad , Mum, Grandpa Grandma, Aunt,或 Uncle Jim,但现在也倾向于用名字作称呼,并且要避免使用汉族人当作他称、尊称的称谓:叔叔、阿姨,如把解放军叔叔译称 P.L. A. uncle,把警察叔叔称为Uncle Policeman,叫护士阿姨为Aunt Nurse,这都是不妥的,会使英美国家人士感到莫名其妙。英语国家的姓名禁忌是不多的。非亲属关系方面一般是社会称谓,社会称谓是社会结构,人际关系的文化符号。

Despite the English and the Americans address their seniors as dad, mum, grandpa, grandma, aunt or Uncle Jim, but now they tend to call them by their names, and they have to avoid third-person or respectful appellations used by the Chinese like ’叔叔’, ‘阿姨’. For example, to address ‘解放军叔叔’ as P.L.A. Uncle, ‘警察叔叔’ as Uncle Policeman or ‘护士阿姨’ as Aunt Nurse, all these are inappropriate and will puzzle the English and the Americans. In the English speaking countries, there are not many taboos in names. In the non-family related aspect, social appellations are generally used, they are the symbols of social structures and interpersonal relationships.

在人际交往过程中,常常需要借助不同的称谓来确立或确认发话人和受话人的角色和地位,如老师与学生,厂长与工人等,随着角色和语言环境的改变,称谓也会相应调整。而讲英语的人这类称呼则较简单:一般在姓氏之前加Mr, Mrs, Miss即可(无论对长辈、小辈均可)。英语很少以职务、职业用于称呼,只有少数例外:Doctor, Judge, Governor和Mayor和Professor,对军官,则用姓加军衔,而不用姓加职务,如:Captain Johnson。

In the course of interpersonal interactions, it is often necessary to resort to different appellations so as to establish or acknowledge the roles and positions of the speaker and the listener; such as a teacher and his students, a plant manager and his workers, etc. As the roles and language environments change, the appellations will be adjusted accordingly. These appellations are relatively simpler for English speaking people; usually a Mr., Mrs. or Miss is simply placed before the surname (applied both to senior and junior). In the English language, posts and professions are rarely applied in appellations with a few exceptions like Doctor, Judge, Governor, Mayor and Professor; for military officers, it is the rank rather than post that is applied to the surname, such as Captain Johnson.

为了避免交际中不必要的麻烦和尴尬出现,我们可以通过用宽泛模糊的词语,来进行一种符号的替代行为, 比如,我们可以把“涨价”说成“调价”; 把失业说成“下岗”; 用“个人问题”来代替“婚姻”等等。怀孕本来是一种生理现象,但在日常生活中一般不直接说出。人们说‘她肚子大了’, 于是我们可以说estating ;to be in the family way ; to be expecting ; to be excepting a baby; to be mother –to –be ; to be an expectant mother ;fruitful with child 等方式来对怀孕进行委婉的说法。我们也可以用禁忌语意义相近或相关的词语,去替代禁忌语。

In the course of our interactions, in order to avoid unnecessary troubles and embarrassments, we can use sweeping and vague phrases as a substitution act for symbols. For example, we use ‘price adjustment’ to replace ‘price hike’, ‘laid off’ for ‘jobless’ and ‘marriage’ is substituted with ‘personal matter’, etc. Pregnancy is usually mentioned indirectly in daily life although it is essentially a physiological phenomenon. So, instead of ‘her belly’s getting big’, we can put it as gestating, to be in the family way, to be expecting, to be accepting a baby, a mother-to-be, an expectant mother or fruitful with a child and so on as an euphemism for pregnant. We can also substitute taboo words with phrases close or related in meaning.

注：原文后段有两个错别字：estating (gestating); excepting (accepting) ;

Answer 2

你好，纯人工翻译，非机器，一读便知，保证质量，准确通顺。有问题可联系。

The English and the Americans now tend to call their seniors simply with names though they used to call Dad, Mum, Grandpa Grandma, Aunt, or Uncle Jim.

Those following the-third-person addressings and courtesy titles should be avoided, such as叔叔、阿姨. For example, to translate a PLA soldier as PLA uncle, a policeman as Uncle Policeman and a nurse as Aunt Nurse are totally unacceptable as these traslations will extremely confuse the English and the Americans.

There are not so many taboos for names in English-speaking countries. Social appellation as the structure of society and the cultural icon of interpersonal relations is widely used in nonfamily interactions.

During the process of interpersonal interaction, different titles are often used to set up or confirm the roles and the positions of the speakers and the listeners, such as teachers and students, factory directors and workers. The appellations will be adjusted according to the change of role and language enviroment.

As for the English speakers, this is rather a simple task: usually it is only needed to add Mr, Mrs, and Miss before lastnames (no matter seniors or juniors). Few professions or posts would be used in English appellation with a few exceptions like Doctor, Judge, Governor, Mayor and Professor. For military officers, ranks are used after surnames, rather than posts. For example, Captain Johnson.

In order to avoid unnecessary troubles and embarrassments, we can use sweeping and ill-defined phrases to serve as a substitution icon. For example, price adjustment instead of inflation of price; go off duty instead of unemployment；personal problem instead of marriage. Pregnancy is always expressed indirectly though it is essentially a physiological phenomenon. People say “She has a big belly”, and we can also use estating;to be in the family way;to be expecting ; to be excepting a baby; to be mother–to–be ;to be an expectant mother ;fruitful, with child and so on, as a euphemistic way to express pregnancy. We can also use the words which have similar meanings to the taboo words to replace them.

参考资料：本人翻译手打

本回答被提问者采纳

Answer 3

Although older people called Anglo-American Dad, Mum, Grandpa Grandma, Aunt, or Uncle Jim, but also tend to be called by name, and to avoid the use of Han people as he said, respectfully Title: uncle, aunt, such as the People's Liberation Army, said his uncle translated PLA uncle, the uncle called the police Uncle Policeman, a nurse aunt was Aunt Nurse, this is inappropriate, British and American people would not understand. English-speaking countries the name is a little taboo. Non-kin relations are generally social appellation, appellation is the social structure of society, human relationships and cultural symbols. In the interpersonal process, often with different needs to establish or confirm the title of the speaker and the recipient's role and status, such as teachers and students, managers and workers, etc., with the characters and language change, the title will adjusted accordingly. The English-speaking people such term is relatively simple: the general increase in the first on Mr, Mrs, Miss can (for both the seniors, junior is available.) English rarely duties, occupation for the title, only a few exceptions: Doctor, Judge, Governor and the Mayor and the Professor, on the officer, then use the last name plus the rank, instead of last name plus duties, such as: Captain Johnson.
Communication in order to avoid unnecessary trouble and embarrassment there, we can use broad and vague terms, to be a symbol of alternative actions, for example, we can, "prices" as the "price adjustment"; the unemployed, said a "laid-off "; with" personal problems "instead of" marriage "and so on. Pregnancy could have been a physiological phenomenon, but in everyday life usually does not directly say. People say 'she has a big', so we can say that estating; to be in the family way; to be expecting; to be excepting a baby; to be mother-to-be; to be an expectant mother; fruitful, with child other means to carry out euphemism for pregnant. We can also use the taboo words meaning similar or related terms, to replace taboo

Answer 4

Although, the Anglo-American Mum and Dad called for seniors, Grandma, Grandpa, Aunt Uncle Jim, but now also tend to use the name and address for avoiding the use of han, as he says, honorific title: Uncle, Aunt of the PLA, such as Uncle P.L. says A translation, the police's Uncle called Uncle Aunt Uncle Policeman that Nurse Nurse for Aunt, it is all wrong, will make people feel puzzling countries. English names of countries are few taboo. The relative aspect is generally social appellation, social appellation is social structure, cultural symbol of interpersonal relationship. In the process of interpersonal communication, often need to establish with different appellation, and confirm the or the recipient's role and status, such as teachers and students, director and workers, with the change of role and language environment, the title will also adjusted accordingly. And anyone who speaks English name is relatively simple this name before, in general, to add Mr, Mrs For seniors, can (may) XiaoBei. English is used by post, rarely, only a few exceptions: Doctor, Judge, Governor and those of officers, and under the use, add rank, instead of surname and position, such as: Captain Johnson.
In order to avoid unnecessary troubles in communication and embarrassed, we can use the fuzzy words, broad to a symbol of alternative actions such as, can we take the "price" as "the price", The unemployed as "laid-off;" Use "personal" instead of "marriage", etc. Pregnancy was a physiological phenomena in daily life, but generally don't speak directly. People say she has a big belly, and we can say estating, Knocked invest rationally, Expecting to, Excepting to a baby, Your mother to -- --;. An expectant mother to, Money means such as paintings and fruitful to pregnancy are favorably. We can also use taboo language meaning similar or related words, to substitute taboo language