Keeping a friendship presupposes the mutual respect, which bears neither imposing anything on each other, nor interfering each other, nor predominating each other. Two persons, if with congenial taste or temper, would like to make friends and keep in contact with each other. Otherwise, even two friends would break their friendship, and cut off contact with each other. Among friends, who are more familiar to each other and have a closer relationship than any others, they cannot have no manners but keep ceremonious to each other. Otherwise, they will break their rapport and balance, and even destroy their friendship. Everyone in the world hopes that they have their own private spaces. If keeping anything at will between each other, they tend to enter their own private space, a no-go-area, which easily results in conflict and estrangement with each other. Keeping unceremonious, probably just a trifle, may bury a destructive seed for the friendship. The best way of keeping a close friendship is to keep temperate contacts with each other, and to make non-interference in each other. In short, Everlasting respect makes an everlasting friendship.
分析:这是一篇改编过后的短文。所有句子都是断章择句组合而成。从择句组合看,出题有较高的英语思维观,因为组合后的文章虽短,但结构还是完整,所谓结构完整是从英文写作角度看的。有introduction部分,有body部分,有conclusion部分。第一句话属于introduction部分,开门见山地提出main idea,“相互尊重是交友之道”,其中的“相互尊重”是关键词。第二三四五句属于body部分,所择句子都是从反面论述朋友之间应该“相互尊重”。第六句是结尾句。其实,在原出处此句是一段的开头中心句,此处补充了“‘久而敬之’才能天长地久”。
这一段估计应该不是从英文翻译成汉语,再让考生回译,因为这篇小段的汉语水平太地道了。因为大量使用了汉语特有的无主句和省略主语句子。但对英语考生来说,这种句子太难翻译了。因为英语的句子都必须有主语,因此,翻译时必须找对主语才能下手。如果说这些句子是从英语翻译成汉语,再让学生回译,那我要非常佩服译者了。
考题内容在博文《听南怀瑾讲<论语>》中有出现,是否从该博文提取,不得而知。
http://hi.baidu.com/%B1%E9%D5%D5%CA%AE%B7%BD/blog/item/b95871170125150dc93d6d9a.html)。
句子分析,
第一句:“朋友关系的存续是以相互尊重为前提的”是主题句,“容不得半点强求、干涉和控制”是对“相互尊重”的阐释,相当于英语作文introduction中的transitional sentence(s)阐释关键内容有三:“容不得半点强求”,“容不得半点干涉”和“容不得半点控制”。照理说,正文部分要从这三个方面加以论述,但毕竟是断章择句成文,无法展开。翻译时,处理成了定语从句。
第二句:“彼此之间, 情趣相投、脾气对味则合、则交; 反之, 则离、则绝。”省略了主语,必须增加主语,谁“彼此之间”?此处绝对不能以“朋友”作为主语,因为能够成为朋友已经是“情趣相投、脾气对味”,因此,主语应该是“两个人”,也就是两个人“彼此之间, 情趣相投、脾气对味则合、则交”;“反之, 则离、则绝。”谁“离”?谁“绝”?此处绝对不能是“两个人”,而是“朋友”,而且此处有递进关系,翻译时要增加“即使”,也就是说,“反之,(即使朋友)则离、则绝。”
第三句:翻译时用“朋友”作主语。详细分析略。
第四句:翻译时用“每个人”作主语。详细分析略。
第五句:详细分析略。
第六句:详细分析略。增加了考题中没有的句子“‘久而敬之’才能天长地久。”省略这一部分,显然,出题考虑到这对学生来说太难了。
出自
http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_453e50260100hhem.html