Hawthorne effect was found from a failure of management studies. 1924年11月美国国家研究委员会组织了以哈佛大学心理专家梅奥为首的研究小组进驻西屋电气公司的霍桑工厂，他们的初衷是试图通过改善工作条件与环境等外在因素，找到提高劳动生产率的途径。 The United States in November 1924 the National Research Council was organized by Harvard University psychologist Mayo research team led by Westinghouse Electric Company into the Hawthorne plant, and their original intent was to attempt to improve substandard working conditions and environmental factors, found to increase labor productivity way. 他们选定了继电器车间的六名女工作为观察对象。 They selected six women relay workshop as an observer object. 在七个阶段的试验中，主持人不断改变照明、工资、休息时间、午餐、环境等因素，希望能够发现这些因素和生产率的关系---这是传统管理理论所坚持的观点。 In the seven-stage trials, changing moderator lighting, wages, rest periods, lunch, environmental and other factors, hoping to find that the relationship between factors and productivity --- This is by adhering to traditional management theory point of view. 但是很遗憾，不管外在因素怎么改变，试验组的生产效率一直在上升。 Unfortunately, no matter how external factors change, the productivity of test group has been on the rise.
后来这个令人困惑的结果引发了管理学上的一场革命。 Later, the results of this puzzling management study led to a revolution. 历时九年的试验和研究，学者们终于意识到了人不仅仅受到外在因素的刺激，更有自身主观上的刺激，从而诞生了管理行为理论，开始把人当作“人”而不是机器的附属物来看待了。 During the nine years of testing and research, scholars have finally realized that people not only by external factors and more to stimulate its own subjective, thus the birth of a management theory, people started to as a "person" rather than machine view of the appendage. 就霍桑试验本身来看，当这六个女工被抽出来成为一组的时候，她们就意识到了自己是特殊的群体，是试验的对象，是这些专家一直关心的对象，这种受注意的感觉使她们加倍努力工作，以证明自己是优秀的，是值得关注的。 Hawthorne experiment on their own, when it was out of the six women as a group, they realized that they are the special group is the subject of experiment is that these experts have been concerned about the object, which by the attention feeling so that they redouble their efforts to prove that he is of high quality, are worthy of our attention. 另一方面，这种特殊的地位使得六个女工之间团结得特别紧密，谁都不愿意拖这个集体的后退，她们之间甚至形成了一种默契。 On the other hand, makes such a special place among the six workers and rally them, especially the close, no one wants to drag the group back, they even formed between a tacit understanding. 就这样，个人微妙的心理和团队精神促使着她们的产量上升再上升！ In this way, individual psychological and subtle spirit of their production to increase further by!
由于收到额外的关注而引起绩效或努力上升的情况我们称之为“霍桑效应”。 Received attention as a result of additional efforts arising from the performance or increase in what we call the "Hawthorne effect." 这在学校教育极为普遍。 This is very common in school education. 有一所国外的学校，在入学的时候会对每个学生进行智力测验，以智力测验的结果将学生分为优秀班和普通班。 There is a school abroad, in the time of enrollment each student will carry out intelligence tests to the results of intelligence tests would divide the students into classes and regular classes outstanding. 结果有一次在例行检查时发现，一年之前入学的一批学生的测验结果由于某种失误被颠倒了，也就是说现在的优秀班其实是普通孩子，而真正聪明的孩子却在普通班。 Once the results of a routine check found that a year ago a group of students enrolled for any errors in the test results were reversed, that is to say now is the best course of ordinary children, and really smart kids in regular classes . 但是这一年的课程成绩却如同往年一样，优秀班明显高于普通班，并未出现异常。 But of course this year as in previous years the results have excellent classes was significantly higher than regular classes, is not unusual. 原本普通的孩子被当作优等生关注，他们自己也就认为自己是优秀的，额外的关注加上心里暗示使得丑小鸭真的成了白天鹅。 Children had been treated as ordinary Excellence concern, they also think of themselves as excellent, with an additional concern was hinted that makes really ugly duckling has become a white swan. 基于霍桑效应的心里暗示还可以治疗抑郁、自卑、紧张等各种心里疾病，霍桑效应在企业管理应用和领导行为上也卓有成效。 Hawthorne effect on the heart can also be implied in the treatment of depression, low self-esteem, stress and various heart diseases, Hawthorne effect in the enterprise management applications and is also highly effective leadership behavior.
霍桑效应告诉我们：从旁人的角度，善意的谎言和夸奖真的可以造就一个人；从自我的角度，你认为自己是什么样的人，你就能成为什么样的人。 Hawthorne effect tells us: From the perspective of others, well-intentioned lies and praise can really make a person; from the perspective of self, what do you think he is what kind of person, you will be able to become what kind of person
参考资料：谷歌翻译