构成反意疑问句时应注意的问题:
⒈当陈述部分的主语是everybody, everyone, someone, no one, nobody, somebody等不定代词时,反意疑问句部分中的主语常用they (有时也可用he.) 如:
①Nobody phoned while I was out, did they?
我出去的时候没人打电话,是吧?
②Everyone has been there, haven’t they?
每个人都去过那里,是吗?
③Somebody borrowed my pen yesterday, didn’t they?
昨天有人借了我的钢笔,是吧?
④No one was hurt, was he?
没人受伤,是吧?
⒉ 当陈述部分的主语是everything, anything, nothing, something等表物的不定代词时,反意疑问部分的主语常用it. 如:
① Everything has been done on how to prevent the pollution, hasn’t it?
关于如何预防污染已采取了一切措施,是吗?
②Nothing is wrong with the machine, is it?
这台机器没出什么毛病,是吧?
③Nothing can stop us now, can it?
任何事情都无法阻止我们,是吧?
⒊ 当陈述部分的主语是one时,反意疑问部分的主语常用one或you。 如:
①One can’t be too careful, can one/ you?
一个人越认真越好,是吧?
②One should study hard, shouldn’t one/ you?
一个人应当认真学习,是吗?
⒋ 当陈述部分的主语是man(人类)时,反意疑问部分的主语常用he。 如:
Man is the master of his own fate, isn’t he?
人类是自己命运的主宰,是吗?
⒌ 当陈述部分是there be结构时, 反意疑问部分用there,省略主语代词。 如:
①There is something wrong with the machine, is there?
机器出了毛病了,是吗?
②There won’t be any trouble, will there?
不会有任何麻烦,是吗?
③There used to be a shop, didn’t there?
⒍ 当陈述部分含有seldom, hardly, never, rarely, few, little, nowhere, nothing等否定词或半否定词时,反意疑问部分的动词应用肯定形式。 如:
①She seldom goes to the cinema, does she?
她很少去看电影,是吗?
②Few people know him, do they?
没几个人认识他,是吗?
③Bob rarely got drunk, did he?
鲍勃很少喝醉,是吗?
④He has never been to London, has he?
他从没去过伦敦,是吗?
⑤They can hardly understand it, can they?
他们几乎不能理解,是吗?
⑥You have nothing else to say, have you?
你没有什么可说的了,是吧?
⒎ 当陈述部分中含有im, in, dis, un等否定前缀或less等否定后缀时,应把陈述部分看成是肯定的,反意疑问部分要用否定式。 如:
①He was unsuccessful, wasn’t he?
他没成功,是吗?
②This meeting is unimportant, isn’t it?
这次会议不重要,是吗?
③Your mother dislikes seeing you with me, doesn’t she?
你母亲不喜欢看到你和我在一起,是吗?
④He is unfamiliar with this type of computer, isn’t he?
他不熟悉这种类型的计算机,是吗?
⒏ 当陈述部分是I’m …结构时,反意疑问部分常用aren’t I 如:
①I am late, aren’t I?
我迟到了,是吗?
②I’m a boy, aren’t I?
我是一个男孩,是吗?
⒐ 当陈述部分是主从复合句时,反意疑问部分中的动词和主语代词通常应和主句中的动词和主语保持一致。 如:
①She says that I did it, doesn’t she?
她说是我做的,是吗?
②He never said he would come, did he?
他从没说过要来,是吗?
③When he goes there, he will go to see her, won’t he?
当他去那里时,他要去看她,是吗?
④If you don’t start early, you will be late, won’t you?
如果你不早点出发就会迟到,是吗?
⑤He told you that he had watched the football match, didn’t he?
他告诉你已看过了这场足球赛,是吗?
⑥Peter believes that his dream will come true some day, doesn’t he?
彼得相信有一天他的梦想会实现,是吗?
⒑ 当陈述部分的主句是I suppose, I think, I believe, I imagine等结构时,反意疑问部分往往与从句保持一致,而且要注意否定转移。 如:
①I suppose that she is careful, isn’t she?
我认为她认真,是吗?
②I think he is a thief, isn’t he?
我认为他是一个小偷,是吗?
③I don’t believe she has gone home, has she?
我认为她没有回家,是吗?
④I don’t think he can do it well, can he?
我认为他做不好那件事,是吗?
⑤I don’t believe you can finish the job, can you?
我觉得你完不成这项工作,是吗?
⑥I don’t guess he knows it, does he?
我想他不知道这件事,是吗?
⒒ 当陈述部分含有have,而且have作“有”解时,反意疑问部分用have/has或借助助动词do, does, did等来完成;如果陈述部分中的have是实义动词,则反意疑问部分应需借助助动词do, does, did等来完成。 如:
①He hasn’t a lot of time to spare, has he?
他没有许多可以抽出的时间,是吗?
②He doesn’t have an English dictionary, does he?
他没有英语词典,是吗?
③They had milk and bread for breakfast, didn’t they?
他们早餐吃的面包喝的牛奶,是吗?
④You all had a good time, didn’t you?
你们都玩儿得很开心,是吗?
⑤Mike often has a cold, doesn’t he?
迈克经常感冒,是吗?
⒓当陈述部分的谓语动词包括have to, had to时,反意疑问部分通常用do的适当形式。 如:
①You had to take the early bus, didn’t you?
你不得不乘坐早班车,是吗?
②We have to do it, don’t we?
我们不得不做这件事,是吗?
③He has to look after the child, doesn’t he?
他不得不照顾这个小孩,是吗?
④They had to keep quiet, didn’t they?
他们不得不保持安静,是吗?
⒔ 当陈述部分含有情态动词used to时,反意疑问部分可用used to形式或did形式。 如:
①He used to smoke three cigarettes a day, didn’t/ usedn’t he?
他过去一天常吸三根香烟,是吗?
②He used to get up late, didn’t/ usedn’t he?
他过去起床晚,是吗?
③We used to work in the same workshop, didn’t/ usedn’t we?
我们过去在同一个车间工作,是吗?
⒕ 当陈述部分是祈使句时,反意疑问部分常用will you. 如:
①Help me to do it, will you?
帮我做这件事,好吗?
②Don’t go there, will you?
别去那里,好吗?
③Be quiet, will you?
安静些,好吗?
④Give me some cigarettes, will you?
给我一些香烟,好吗?
⑤Don’t move the chair, will you?
别搬这把椅子,好吗?
◆ Let’s 和Let us都表示“让我们”,但用法上不同。前者包括听话人,后者不包括听话人。正因如此,它们的反意疑问句的形式常常不同:
以Let’s 开头的祈使句,反意疑问部分常用shall we.
以Let us开头的祈使句,反意疑问部分常用will you. 如:
①Let’s go skating, shall we?
我们去滑冰,好吗?(说话人、听话人均去滑冰)
②Let us have a look at your book, will you?
让我们看看你的书,好吗?(说话人要看书,听话人不看书)
③Let’s go now, shall we?
我们现在走,好吗?(我们去,你也去)
④Let us go shopping, will you?
让我们去买东西,好吗?(我们去,你不去)
⒖ 当陈述句部分含had better/best, would like to, would rather等约定俗成特殊短语时,反意疑问部分应保留第一个词。 如:
①He had better do more speaking, hadn’t he?
他最好多说,是吗?
②You would like to do it, wouldn’t you?
你愿意做这件事,是吗?
⒗ 当陈述句部分是强调句或类似强调句的结构时,反意疑问部分常和句首的It is/was保持一致。 如:
①It was in a park that you met him, wasn’t it?
你是在公园里遇见了他,是吗?
②It is the first time that he has gone there, isn’t it?
这是他第一次去那里,是吗?
③It is ten years since he joined the army, isn’t it?
他参军十年了,是吗?
⒘ 当陈述句部分为感叹句时,反意疑问句部分常用否定形式,且问句部分的动词常用be. 如:
①What a handsome man he is, isn’t he?
他是一个多么英俊的人,是吗?
②What a cold day, isn’t it?
多么冷的一天,是吗?
⒙ 当陈述部分含有情态动词must, may, can’t, 且表示推测时,反意疑问部分不能用must, may, can’t自身,应和后面的实义动词保持一致;
◆ must/ may/ can’t + do 表示对现在情况的推测,反意疑问部分用一般现在时。 如:
①He must be Mr. Chen, isn’t he?
(相当于:I think he is Mr. Chen.)
他一定是陈先生,是吗?
②He can’t be Mr. Chen, is he?
(相当于I don’t think he is Mr. Chen.)
他不可能是陈先生,是吗?
③He must be very tired, isn’t he?
(相当于:I believe he is very tired.)
他一定很累,是吗?
④Your mother may be at home, isn’t she?
(相当于:Maybe your mother is at home.)
可能你母亲在家呢,是吗?
◆ must/ may/ can’t + have done +过去时间状语,表示对过去情况的推测,反意疑问部分常用一般过去时。 如:
①He must have stayed at home yesterday, didn’t he?
(相当于: I think he stayed at home yesterday.)
他昨天一定呆在家里了,是吗?
②You must have seen the film last week, didn’t you?
(相当于:I think you saw the film last week.)
你上周一定看这部影片了,是吗?
③It can’t have snowed last week, did it?
(相当于:I don’t think it snowed last week.)
上周不可能下雪了,是吗?
④He may have gone home last night, didn’t he?
(相当于:Maybe he went home last night.)
他可能昨晚回家了,是吗?
◆ must/ may/ can’t + have done , 反意疑问部分常用现在完成时。如:
①You must have met him before, haven’t you?
(相当于:I think you have met him before.)
你从前一定见过他,是吗?
②You may have been to Tibet, haven’t you?
(相当于:Maybe you have been to Tibet.)
你可能去过西藏,是吗?
③He can’t have known the news, has he?
(相当于:I don’t think he has known the news.)
他不可能知道那个消息了,是吗?
④You must have waited for a long time, haven’t you?
(相当于:I think you have waited for a long time.)
你一定等了很长时间了,是吗?
⒚ 当陈述部分含有情态动词mustn’t表示“禁止”时,反意疑问部分常用must. 如:
You mustn’t walk on grass, must you?
禁止你在草地上走,是吗?
⒛ 当陈述部分含有情态动词need, dare时,反意疑问部分有两种形式:
作情态动词时保留自身;作实义动词时反意疑问句应借助于助动词do/does/did来完成。如:
①You needn’t go there, need you?
你不必去那里,是吗?(情态动词)
②He needs to start at once, doesn’t he?
他需要立刻出发,是吗?(实义动词)
③She dare not go out alone at night, dare she?
她晚上不敢一人出去,是吗?(情态动词)
④We need to come earlier, don’t we?
我们需要早点来,是吗?
21. 当陈述部分含有情态动词ought to时,反意疑问部分常用oughtn’t (有时也可用shouldn’t.) 如:
①The child ought to be punished, oughtn’t he?
这个小孩应当受到惩罚,是吗?
②You oughtn’t to criticize her, ought you?
你不应该批评她,是吗?
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