初中英语语法。

Question

被动语态：定义，构成，特殊用法，题型；
过去进行时:定义，构成，特殊用法，题型；
直接引语和间接引语：定义，构成，特殊用法，题型；
状语从句:定义，构成，特殊用法，题型
每个知识点，请提供选择填空各20题

Answer 1

（一)主语和谓语有时是被动关系，即主语是动作的承受者．如：He is respected by everybody.即为被动语态.其构成通常是系动词Be(be的各种形式)+及物动词的过去式;其中,(1)"及物动词+副词"的被动结构:This failure has been brought about by your own negligence.(2)"动词+介词"的;The meeting was brought to a climax by her appearance on the stage."她在台上出现使会议达到了高潮."(3)"动词+副词(名词)+介词"的,如:Lazy people are looked down on by people.被动语态的特殊用法有:公告,通知,新闻报导,报纸标题(动词be常被省略),科技文章中如:Applications must be sent in by 31st July.等等(二)过去进行时主要表示过去某时的一个动作正在进行,过去时间可以由一个状语表示出来.构成通常是was/were+动词的进行时,用进行时有时有感情色彩,特别是带有always,forever,constantly这类状语时,如:He was always ringing me up.(三)在引用别人的原话是,被引用的句子称作直接引语如:"It won't cost much."She assured me ;当用自己的话报导别人的话是,被报导的部分叫间接引语,如:Kitty said she could wait another day.(四)状语从句就是用从句来把句子之间借助时间,地点等来连接的句子.通常包括时间,条件,目的,结果,原因,让步,方式,地点,比较这九类状语从句,而且各类从句都有一些固定的副词来连接,所以应在做题过程中多多总结积累.至于具体题型,应该自己多做,多想,才会弄懂.

Answer 2

1、及物动词的一个语态。不及物动词不能构成被动语态。例：He gave me a pencil yesterday afternoon.改成被动语态为：A pencil was given to me by him yesterday afternoon.
2、过去时行时是指过去某一瞬间发生的动作。例：He was reading a story book when his mother came into his room.
3、直接引语：He said:"I can not go to school tomorrow." 间接引语：He said that he could not go to school the next day.
4、状语从句：用从句来说明指事情发生的时间、地点等。例：I don't know when he will come.He will come 本身就是一个句话，在这里作状语用，所以称为时间状语从句。