父亲节(Father's Day)，让我们由衷的说一声：爸爸，我爱你！父亲节快乐！
世界上的第一个父亲节，1910 年诞生在美国。
人们在庆祝母亲节的同时，并没有忘记父亲的功绩。1909年就开始有入建议确定父亲节。据说第一个提出这种建议的是华盛顿的约翰?布鲁斯?多德夫人。多德夫人的母亲早亡，其父独自一人承担起抚养教育孩子的重任，把他们全部培养成人。1909年，多德夫人感念父亲养育之恩，准备为他举行庆祝活动，同时，想到所有的父亲对家庭和社会的贡献，于是给当地一家教士协会写信，建议把6月的第三个星期日定为父亲节。该协会将建议提交会员讨论，获得了通过。1910年6月，人们便在此庆祝了第一个父亲节。
当时，凡是父亲已故的人都佩戴一朵白玫瑰，父亲在世的人则佩戴红玫瑰。这种习俗一直流传至今。但是开始时父亲节的日期各不相同，而且有的地方用蒲公英作为父亲节的象征，有的地方则用衬有一片绿叶的白丁香作为父亲节的象征。直到1934年6月，美国国会才统一规定6月的第三个星期日为父亲节。
后来，全世界有二十多个国家通过教堂仪式、送卡和礼物来纪念父亲节。每年全美国要在五千六百万令人尊敬的父亲们身上花去十多亿美元礼品费，但在礼品的种类上除了领带和雪茄烟外其它东西很少。很多人认为给父亲买礼物最难。其实有很多有趣的、合适的礼物是会令父亲们开心的。
Father's Day
(Third Sunday in June)
The United States is one of the few countries in the world that has an official day on which fathers are honored by their children. On the third Sunday in June, fathers all across the United States are given presents, treated to dinner or otherwise made to feel special. .
The origin of Father’s Day is not clear. Some say that it began with a church service in West Virginia in 1908. Others say the first Father’s Day ceremony was held in Vancouver, Washington.
The president of the Chicago branch of the Lions’ Club, Harry Meek, is said to have celebrated the first Father’s Day with his organization in 1915; and the day that they chose was the third Sunday in June, the closest date to Meek’s own birthday!
Regardless of when the first true Father’s Day occurred, the strongest promoter of the holiday was Mrs. Bruce John Dodd of Spokane, Washington. Mrs. Dodd felt that she had an outstanding father. He was a veteran of the Civil War. His wife had died young, and he had raised six children without their mother.
In 1909, Mrs. Dodd approached her own minister and others in Spokane about having a church service dedicated to fathers on June 5, her father’s birthday. That date was too soon for her minister to prepare the service, so he spoke a few weeks later on June 19th. From then on, the state of Washington celebrated the third Sunday in June as Father’s Day. Children made special desserts, or visited their fathers if they lived apart.
States and organizations began lobbying Congress to declare an annual Father’s Day. In 1916, President Woodrow Wilson approved of this idea, but it was not until 1924 when President Calvin Coolidge made it a national event to "establish more intimate relations between fathers and their children and to impress upon fathers the full measure of their obligations." Since then, fathers had been honored and recognized by their families throughout the country on the third Sunday in June.
When children can’t visit their fathers or take them out to dinner, they send a greeting card. Traditionally, fathers prefer greeting cards that are not too sentimental. Most greeting cards are whimsical so fathers laugh when they open them. Some give heartfelt thanks for being there whenever the child needed Dad.
随便与约束
欧洲人比较死板，喜欢拘泥于细节，德国人和英国人在这方面表现得特别突出。美国人则不然，待人处事上表现得灵活随便。几乎每个英国绅士都知道他们应该怎样做才不失绅士风度；而美国人，尽管有关礼仪的书充斥于市，却很少在礼节和习俗上统一起来。除了在上层社交场合，美国的普通民众在社会交往中大多摆脱了种种不利于人们接近的等级性清规戒律。
美国人的这种待人接物态度反映了他们的思想观念。在美国人看来，礼貌规范是由人制订出来的，它们不应该成为限制人的僵硬模式。因此，在美国，没有法庭制订社会礼节，也没有上层阶级强行规定执行这类礼节。各种社会礼节主要按照人们的生性习惯去落实在行动上。
由于美国人在行为举止上较少约束自己，他们在许多方面都表现得很随便。他们说话随便，衣着随便，吃东西随便，对人的态度也随便。不了解他们的人以为美国人放纵粗鲁，不成体统，上，这是美国人的随便习性。反映在英语语言使用上，美国人对它的“为我所用”态度，常地些墨守成规的老派文人痛心疾首；而那些广泛地浒于民间的不规则表达法，更使不少语法学家徒叹无奈。至于语言中含蓄地表现社会等级观念的词语，美国人常常不屑一顾，置之不理。
也可能由于美国人对清规戒律缺乏重视，他们的纪律观念比较淡薄，这常使行政官员和执行纪律的人感到头痛。有一种说法，说是英国人认为遵守规章是种乐趣，而美国人则把强硬要求他遵守某种规定看作是对他的不敬、甚至侮辱。美国党校里，学生纪律松散；美国家庭里，父母管教孩子不严；美国军队里，士兵自由散漫更是远近闻名。
令人惊讶的是，美国的教育还算成功，美国的孩子长大后大多成为好父母、好公民，美国的军队也偶尔能打些胜仗。这种看似矛盾的现象也许可以这样解释：美国人热爱自由，不愿被人强行控制，然而在真正行使自由权利时，他们仍受法律观念约束，有分寸地在自己的权限范围内“自由潇洒”。
事实上，尽管美国人表面上办事满不在乎，不尊重法律，但实际上，美国人是极其崇尚法治的。世界上没有哪一个国家象美国那样下功夫研究法律，也没有哪一个国家的律师象美国那样在政治和日常生活中起如此重要的作用。美国人可以无所顾忌地用粗话批评总统和国会，但对最高法院却以敬畏的精神相待。这也许是美国人在随便与约束上保持平衡、弛张相宜的最好例证。
个人主义与合作精神
说起个人主义，人们很容易想到利欲薰心、唯利是图的资产阶级伦理价值观，尤其是像美国这种典型的资本主义国爱。其实，英文里的个人主义（individualism）在美国有两层意思。第一层是它的积极意义，指的是个人自我独立、自我奋斗、自己掌握自己命运的执著精神。这层意义上的个人主义常与这样的美国人形象相联系：他是一个勇敢坚强的拓荒者，向荒野迁移，与蛮夷作伴，用自己的智慧和力量独辟蹊径，铺设成功之路，他所做的一切充满着创业精神和独特活力。第二层是它的消极意义，指的是个人为了追求自己的利益，置他人利益和公共利益于不顾，疯狂索取，贪得无厌。这层意义上的个人主义常与这样的美国人形象相联系：他是一个自私自利的投机分子，为了满足个人的种种欲望，不择手段、不顾一切地从社会和大自然中攫取有用之物，对社会福利和自然环境冷谈麻木，漠不关心。可以这么讲，个人主义的这两层意思是该词内涵所不可分割的一个整体，如同一枚硬币有其正反两面一样。
从好的角度说，个人主义有利于创业精神的弘扬，它给人以机会，赋予自由，鼓励多样性，从而推动和促进了美国的工业、农业、科技、教育、娱乐和体育的发展。从坏的角度来讲，个人主义的无节制膨胀给大自然造成了很大的破坏，也给社会中的人际关系抹上了一层厚厚的冷霜。许多人在冷酷的个人主义的竞争、挤压下，或生活潦倒、心灰意懒，或人性扭曲、愤世嫉俗。因此，从个人主义的积极、消极两方面因素来看，问题的关键是如何抑恶扬善，而这也是美国文化中始终没有妥善解决的“难结”。
不过，令人值得我味的是，美国人虽然个人主义强盛，但他们也很愿意合作。可以这么讲，除英国之外，西文国家中没有哪个国家象美国人那样愿意为某种共同的目的而自愿联合起来；没有哪个国家私人的联合会有美国那样多和那样卓有成效。
在欧洲大陆，建立一个教会、一所学院、一座医院、一个慈善机关，往往费时费劲，困难重重。但在美国，只要个人或团体有兴趣就可以轻易地建立这类机构。于是，各种各样的纷纷成立――乐施行善的、繁荣商业的组织、影响政治的组织、收集历史资料的组织、规划未来的组织、研究文化的组织、拥有枪支的组织等等，不一而足。几乎社会上的每个人都有自己的组织：学校里的男女孩子，商人和学者，朋友和领居，老移民和新移民，素食者和戒酒者，集邮爱好者，心脏病患者等，统统都有自己的组织。这种现象说明，人们在追求个性发展的同时，仍注重团体组织的建设，以保证社会能有秩序和稳定，使个人利益和集体利益之间达到一定程度的平衡。
Casual and Constraints
Europeans relatively rigid, like dwell on details, the Germans and the British in this regard was particularly prominent. Americans are not, treat people behave flexibly dealing with such matters lightly. Almost every English gentleman knows how to do it they should not lose gentleman; while the Americans, even though the etiquette books filled in the city, but rarely in the etiquette and custom unified. In addition to the upper social occasions, the United States, ordinary people are mostly in social interaction is not conducive to people from various levels of rules and prohibitions in close proximity.
This interpersonal attitude of the Americans reflects their ideas. The Americans, the polite norms are worked out by people, they should not be restrictions on people's rigid model. Thus, in the United States without a court the formulation of social etiquette, nor to dictate the implementation of such upper-class etiquette. All kinds of social etiquette primarily used in accordance with people's natural disposition to implement the action.
As the Americans on the lower bound by their own behavior, they have performed in many ways, very casually. They talk casually, dress casually and to eat lightly on the people's casual attitude. People think that Americans do not understand that their indulgence rude, Buchengtitong,, this is casual habits of Americans. Is reflected in the English language use, the Americans it's "for our own use" attitude, often in some old-fashioned literary bitter legalistic; while those wide irregular Hu Yu folk expressions, but also quite a number of grammarians and regretful helpless. As for the language, implicitly, the performance of the social hierarchy of the words, Americans are often dismissive of
Ignored.
Americans may also be due to the lack of attention to the rules and prohibitions, and their discipline is rather weak, which often allow the executive officials and discipline were a headache. There is a saying that the British believe that compliance with regulations is a species of pleasure, while Americans put the firm asked him to comply with certain requirements as to his disrespectful, even insulting. The United States Party, the loose discipline of students; U.S. families, the parents raise the children loose; U.S. army soldiers, it is well known for lax.
Surprisingly, the U.S. education successfully, the United States, most children grow up to be good parents, good citizens, the U.S. military forces can play some occasional victories. This seemingly contradictory phenomenon may be interpreted in this way: Americans love freedom, unwilling to be forcibly took control, but a genuine exercise of the rights and freedoms, they are still bound by legal concepts, there are measured in their own within the purview of "freedom natural and unrestrained. "
In fact, while Americans, on the surface of things not care and does not respect the law, but in fact, Americans are extremely upholding the rule of law. No country in the world like the United States, as efforts to study law, there is no a single country like the United States attorney, as in politics and everyday life from such an important role. Americans can not bashful about criticizing the president and Congress to use foul language, but the Supreme Court was to treat the spirit of awe. This may be casual and constraints on the Americans to maintain a balance, the best example of affordable relaxation.
Individualism and the spirit of cooperation
Speaking of individualism, it is easy to think of acquisitiveness Xunxin, mercenary bourgeois ethical values, particularly as the United States love this classic capitalist country. In fact, the English language of individualism (individualism) in the United States has two meanings. The first layer is its positive meaning, refers to an individual self-contained, self-struggle, their dedication to master their own destiny. This sense of individualism often associated with images such as the Americans tied: he is a strong courageous pioneer migration to the wilderness, and barbarians companion, with their own wisdom and strength of its way to laying the road to success,
Everything he did was full of entrepreneurial spirit and a unique vitality. The second is its negative meaning, refers to an individual in order to pursue their own interests, and placing the interests of others and public interest expense, crazy obtained from greed. This sense of individualism often associated with images such as the Americans tied: he is a selfish opportunists, in order to meet the various desires of individuals, unscrupulous, desperate to grab from the society and the nature of the materials useful for social welfare and the natural environment frigid numbness, indifference. So to say that these two meanings of individualism is the connotation of the word an integral whole, as a coin has its pros and cons of the same.
The good point of view, individualism is conducive to entrepreneurship promotion, which gives the opportunity to give freedom, encourage diversity, so as to promote and facilitate the U.S. industry, agriculture, science and technology, education, entertainment and sports development. From a negative perspective, the individualistic nature of the unrestrained expansion to cause a great deal of damage, but also to interpersonal relationships in society has cast a thick layer of cold cream. Many people in the cold individualistic competition, squeezed, or living down and out, discouraged, or human distortions, cynical. Therefore, from the individualism of the active and passive, two factors point of view,
The key question is how to promote good or evil, which is also the American culture has not properly resolve the "difficult to knot."
However, it is worthy of my taste, the Americans although the individualism strong, but they are also willing to cooperate. , So to speak, in addition to English, the Western countries, no country like the United States, as a common goal and are willing to voluntarily join together; no country is a federation of private sector as much as the United States, and so fruitful.
In continental Europe, the establishment of a church, a college, a hospital, a charitable body, often time-consuming and laborious and difficult. However, in the United States, as long as individuals or groups who are interested can easily create such institutions. As a result, have set up a variety of - the implementation of good fun, the prosperity of business organization, to influence political organization, to collect historical data organization, planning for the future of the organization, research culture of the organization, with gun organizations, etc., not an adequate one. Almost everyone in society has its own organization: the school's boys and girls, businessmen and academics, friends, and collar ranks, the old immigrants and new immigrants,
Vegetarians and alcohol who philatelists, heart disease, etc. As such, all have their own organization. This phenomenon indicates that people in the pursuit of personal development and still pay attention to the building society organizations to ensure that the community can have order and stability, so that between the individual interests and collective interests to achieve a certain degree of balance.
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